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Haualand, Hilde.  2010.  Provision of Videophones and Video Interpreting for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, A Comparative Study of Video Interpreting (IV) Systems in the US, Norway and Sweden. Fafo Institute for Labour and Social Research, Norway.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/haualand20100924video-interpreting-systems
PDF icon haualand20100924video-interpreting-systems.pdf (1022.69 KB)
Stockholms läns landstings Landstingsfullmäktige.  2003.  Protokoll § 281, Handlingsplan med förslag till åtgärder för att få färdtjänstbudgeten i balans (förslag 68).
Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/stklms-lan20031007.html (In Swedish.)  
Persson, Ann.  2003.  Protester mot höjd avgift för rullstolstaxi.
Dagens Nyhter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031007.html (In Swedish).  
Batavia, Andrew I.  1998.  Prospects for a National Personal Assistance Services Program: Enhancing Choice for People With Disabilities.
Mr. Batavia is Associate Professor, School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida. The article was published in American Rehabilitation, Volume 24, Number 4, Winter 1998, Personal Assistance Services Part 2 of 2. American Rehabilitation is the official publication of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 330 C Street S.W. Washington D.C. 20202-2531. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/batavia1998.html.
Economic Social Commission for Asia the Pacific, United Nations.  1995.  Promotion of Non-Handicapping Physical Environments for Disabled Persons: Guidelines.
As part of a series of regional initiatives to translate into action the goals and objectives of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons, ESCAP in 1993 embarked on a project to promote non-handicapping environments for persons with disabilities and elderly persons in the Asian and Pacific region. This publication of comprehensive guidelines for the promotion of non-handicapping environments is an activity under the project. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap1995.html
Newman, Gertrude.  1992.  Promotion of access legislation in Ghana.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare13.html  
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2002.  Projektet ‘Taxi för Alla’ (PDF, 60 KB).
Nollåtta. DHR Stockholmavdelning. No. 6, dec. 2002, s. 14. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/nollatta200212s14.pdf (PDF, 60 KB).
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Projektansökan Assistanstips. PDF icon Ansokan_Assistanstips_ursprungliga_bilaga.pdf (313.64 KB)
Harrington, Candy.  1999.  Problemet med desinformation.
The biggest problem for travelers with disabilities is the alarming increase of misinformation about accessible travel, claims Candy Harrington. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ch1999sv.html (In Swedish.)
Harrington, Candy.  1999.  The Problem with Travel Misinformation.
The biggest problem for travelers with disabilities is the alarming increase of misinformation about accessible travel, claims Candy Harrington. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ch1999.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2001.  Pressmeddelande 2001-09-17, Taxi för alla - rärlighet åt personer med omfattande funktionshinder.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/taxi010917.html (in Swedish).
Disability Intergroup.  2001.  Press Release: Disabled People to Finally Catch the Bus - Victory for Disabled People on Bus and Coach Directive.
All newly purchased buses throughout the European Union must be fully accessible to people with disabilities according to the Directive. This was the result of nine years of campaigning by disabled people, together with the Disability Intergroup of the European Parliament. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pr20010216.html
Könkkölä, Kalle.  1998.  Presentation vid Seminarium om mänskliga rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning ur ett nord- och sydperspektiv Stockholm, Sverige 23 augusti 1998.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823bsv.html (In Swedish.)
van Hek, Roy.  1991.  Presentation of the "European Manual for an Accessible Built Environment.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest34.html
Lagadien, Fadila.  1997.  Presentation för nationella kvinnodagen 1997 Telekom - firande inför kvinnodagen.
Fadila Lagadien considers how media communicates images of the estimated 13 per cent of disabled South Africans, especially women with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/fadila97sv.html (In Swedish.)
Könkkölä, Kalle.  1998.  Presentation at the Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998.
Kalle Könkkölä discusses the organization's perspective on human rights. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823b.html
Barnes, Colin.  1998.  Presentation at the Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective Stockholm, Sweden, 1998-08-23.
In his presentation at the seminar organized by Independent Living Sweden, Stockholm, Professor Colin Barnes of the Disability Research Unit in Leeds, UK, discusses rights and conditions for disabled persons in the UK and developed countries as compared to those in developing countries. He raises questions concerning the efficacy of legislation, the concept of rights, disability as one of many forms of social oppression, how developed countries’ economic policies are responsible for disability in developing countries, the role of organizations in improving conditions for disabled people, and the importance of the right to life. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823g.html.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2003.  The prerequisites for de-institutionalization.
Paper presented at the European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200304.html.
Mohit, Anuradha, Rungta S K.  2000.  Preliminary ideas and procedures for ensuring systematic international collection of information.
In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." Pre-paper 7. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/mohit00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc
D'Aubin, April.  1992.  Power to the people.
Lagadien, Fadila.  1993.  The Power of Potential of People with Disabilities.
Fadila Lagadien looks at the social, attitudinal and physical barriers that handicap a person with a disability, resulting in their unacknowledged and unused potential. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/lagadien.html
Leone, Jayne.  1997.  Power, Control, Confidence, and Courage.
Becoming an active participant in what happens to you requires that you feel empowered, exercise self-control, feel self-confident and have courage. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Leone97.html
Brown, Steven E.  1998.  Poster Kids No More:' Perspectives About the No-Longer Emerging (In Fact, Vibrant) Disability Culture.
Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, takes an opportunity to review a decade of investigating and promoting disability culture. This piece quotes liberally from previous Brown publications, and attempts to put into perspective both opinions that challenge the concept of a disability culture and those that support it. In: Disability Studies Quarterly, 18(1) (Winter 1998), 5-19. (PDF, 160 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98a.pdf.
Were Masakhwe, Phitalis.  2008.  Post-election violence and disabled people in Kenya; issues for reflection and action.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/masakhwe20080124.html
Silwimba, Felix.  1992.  Possibilities of Independent Living of persons with disabilities in Africa.
Physical Disability Council of NSW, Inc..  1999.  Position Papers '99, Attendant Care.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pdcnsw99.html  
Godinho, Francisco.  1999.  Portuguese Parliament promotes Web Accessibility.
Portugal became the fourth country in the world to officially promote web accessibility for people with disabilities, after the United States, Australia and Canada. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/portweb.html
Nyhetsbyrån ikapp.  2003.  Populärt byta färdtjänstbuss mot taxi.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ikapp20030327.html (In Swedish).  
South African Human Rights Commission.  1997.  Policy Paper from the South African Human Rights Commission 1997 # 5 : Disability.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/sahr1977.html  
Galvin, Donald E.  1980.  Policy Issues in Independent Living Rehabilitation.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/galvin198006.html
Duyvendak, J W, Melief W B A M.  2001.  Pioneering Personal Assistance in Slovenia: An Evaluation of the YHD Pilot Project on Personal Assistance in Slovenia.
YHD-Association for Theory and Culture of Disability, an organization run by and for people with disabilities and subscribing to the Independent Living philosophy, started a pilot project in Ljubljana with personal assistance for deinstitutionalization and equal opportunities of assistance users. Internet publication URLs: http://www.independentliving.org/docs3/duve2001.html and http://www.independentliving.org/files/duve2001.pdf.
PDF icon duve2001.pdf (150 KB)
Hasler, Frances.  2003.  Philosophy of Independent Living.
The author summarises the philosophy of independent living by quoting Philip Mason, John Evans, Adolf Ratzka, Martin McNaughton, and others. Included is a summary of the seven “basic needs” of independent living identified by Derbyshire CIL. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/hasler2003.html
Handi Cap Evasion.  1997.  Peru 1997.
See how travelling with a disability just got easier with the Joëlette in action on a trip to Peru, where even the toughest terrain can be conquered with this wonderful invention! Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Peru1997.html
Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Program.  1999.  Perspectivas Globales Sobre Vida Independiente Para El Proximo Milenio. Washington, D.C. 21-25 de setiembre de 1999.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ils99sp.html
United Nations, Division for Social Policy and Development.  1992.  Persons with Disabilities, International Day of Disabled Persons, 3 December 1992.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/un19921014.html
Anderson-Pope, Peter.  2013.  "Personligt om assistans" intervju med Adolf Ratzka av Peter Anderson-Pope för Rekryteringsgruppens tidskrift Kick höst 2013.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1993.  Personlig assistans och Disability Pride.
Adolf Ratzka pratar om "disability pride" genom hans egna erfarenheter och behovet av personlig assistans för att kunna känna sig oberoende och stolt. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/pride93b.html (In Swedish.)
Westerberg, Bengt.  2016.  Personlig Assistans - hotad frihetsreform? PDF icon Personlig-assistans-hotad-frihetsreform.pdf (1.08 MB)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1992.  Personlig Assistans: Ett försök till en operationell definition.
"Personlig" assistans betyder att man som brukare utövar maximal kontroll över hur servicen organiseras och skräddarsyr den enligt sina individuella behov, sin förmåga, livssituation och sina strävanden. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools15b.html (In Swedish.)
Westerberg, Bengt.  2017.  Personlig Assistans – en kritisk granskning av regeringens direktiv till LSS-utredningen 2016. PDF icon Personlig-assistans-rapport-2017.pdf (911.06 KB)
Nybom, Martin, Pettersson Jens.  2008.  Personlig assistans - en billig och effektiv form av valfrihet, egenmakt och integritet - En jämförelse mellan kostnaderna för personlig assistans och kommunal hemtjänst.
Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/lsskostnad/ (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1996.  Persönliche Assistenz in Schweden.
Independent Living oder Selbsbestimmt Leben ist eine weltweite Bewegung von Menschen mit Behinderungen, die gegen Aussonderung, Bevormundung und Diskriminierung arbeiten und für volle Bürgerrechte, Selbstbestimmung und Selbstrespekt kämpfen. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/PersAssistenzinSchweden.html (in German).
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2011.  Personal responsibility as precondition for personal and social change.
Adolf Ratzka, Independent Living Institute, presented at the Second International Conference on Personal Responsibility on the Way to Social Change organized by Jerusalem Center for Independent Living December 2, 2010
PDF icon 2011-05_Personal_responsibility_as_precondition_for_personal_and_social_change.pdf (111.98 KB)
Rajkov, Gordana.  1999.  A Personal Letter from Belgrade, Serbia - Written during the current NATO bombings in Yugoslavia.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov1999.html  
Finkelstein, Vic.  2001.  A Personal Journey Into Disability Politics.
Finkelstein reviews the development of radical British disability organizations and his own personal history and thought in their evolution. Finkelstein, a psychologist by training, was tutor in Disability Studies at the Open University and is now Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Disability Studies, Leeds University. Finkelstein has a disability. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein01a.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein01a.pdf
Purhonen, Sanni.  2023.  Personal Assistance: What's the current situation in Finland?
Mladenov, Teodor.  2023.  Personal Assistance - What should personal assistance look like?
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1989.  Personal Assistance: The key to Independent Living.
Keynote address at the conference on personal assistance in Strasbourg, France.
Litvak, Simi.  1998.  Personal Assistance Service Policy: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going.
Dr. Simi Litvak examines the current state of Personal Assistance Services (PAS), and how they might be improved in a fiscal, quality, and humanitarian sense. Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar4984.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2006.  Is Personal Assistance Relevant for Developing Countries?
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Personal assistance policy features for Independent Living:.
What are the important features of a national policy on personal assistance that is to promote "living independently and being included in the community" "with choices equal to others" and to enable persons with disabilities to fulfill their duties and to enjoy their rights as citizens? The presentation identifies the elements of the Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 that have contributed most to the outcome of this widely acclaimed legislation.
Microsoft Office document icon 2012_01_Wien_PPP_Word.doc (47 KB)
Belli, Raffaello.  1998.  Personal Assistance Legislation in Italy.
Raffaello Belli reports on various pieces of Italian legislation applying to payment of personal assistance for people with disabilites. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/belli1998.html.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Personal Assistance: Key to Independent Living as illustrated by the Swedish Personal Assistance Act.
United Nations Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner, Europe Regional Office convened a meeting in Brussels on May 7 2012 "CRPD and EU Structural Funds: The way ahead for Independent Living" to raise awareness about the violation of CRPD Article 19 "Living independently and being included in the community" by using EU Structural Funds for the construction and maintenance of residential institutions. The paper shows how demand-driven direct payments for Personal Assistance services, not only achieve far superior quality of services than residential institutions resulting in higher quality of life for service users at lower costs but also affect a country's economy more favorably. Thus, violating Article 19 of the CRPD is not only illegal but also wasteful in terms of human and monetary capital.
Berg, Susanne.  2003.  Personal Assistance in Sweden.
From the perspective of a personal assistance user, the author describes the background and development of the legislation in Sweden dealing with personal assistance through direct payment. The power issues surrounding establishment of the Stockholm Independent Living Cooperative (STIL) are also addressed. Plenary presentation at: Personal Assistance in Practice - A Conference Organised by the Swiss Association for Social Policy (Persönliche Assistenz in der Praxis - Eine Informationstagung der Schweizerischen Vereinigung für Sozialpolitik), Hotel Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2003-05-20. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/berg20030520.html
Westberg, Kenneth, Berg Susanne, Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Personal Assistance in Sweden. PDF icon Personal_Assistance_in_Sweden_KW_2010.pdf (913.82 KB)
Smaaland, Jessica.  2023.  Personal assistance in Sweden.
Independent Living Institute.  2014.  Personal assistance in Norway, overview and external links.
Independent Living Institute.  2014.  Personal assistance in Ireland, overview and external links.
Independent Living Institute.  2014.  Personal assistance in Germany, overview and external links.
Independent Living Institute.  2014.  Personal assistance in Finland, overview and external links.
Independent Living Institute.  2014.  Personal assistance in Belgium, overview and external links.
Lagadien, Fadila.  1995.  Personal Assistance for Independent Living Programme (PAIL), Republic of South Africa.
The immediate objective of the PAIL Programme is that by the end of the project period a minimum of five hundred severely disabled people per year per operational region will have achieved greater independence than in 1995 in South Africa. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ProposlPASouthAfrica.html
Griesser, Selina.  2018.  Personal Assistance for Disabled People in Germany and Sweden in the Context of the Independent Living Philosophy and the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. PDF icon MasterThesis_SelinaGriesser.pdf (1.39 MB)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Personal Assistance empowers persons with disabilities and benefits the national economy.
Direct Payments for Personal Assistance make demand-driven services possible that promote freedom of choice and quality. Supply-driven services, on the other hand, are often monopolistic in-kind services that force users to adapt their lives to the needs of the service provider. The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 is an example of a Direct Payments policy. Its outcome is discussed as well as its implications for the national economy in times of economic crisis.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Personal Assistance and the Crisis: Now is the time to promote Direct Payments for Personal Assistance.
Against the backdrop of the impact of the current economic crisis on persons who depend on practical assistance by other persons with the activities of daily living the author outlines arguments for direct payments for Personmal Assistance services. These services are demand driven, superior in quality and cost-efficiiency to supply driven services such as residential institutions and support the United Nations Convention Article 19 "living independently and being included in the community".
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1993.  Personal Assistance and Disability Pride.
Adolf Ratzka reflects on disability pride through personal experiences, and the neccessity of personal assistance services to achieve independence and pride. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/pride93.html
Westerberg, Bengt.  2013.  Personal Assistance - a revolution for people with disabilities - Keynote.
In this presentation Mr Bengt Westerberg, former Swedish Minister of Social Affairs 1991-1994 and leader of the Liberal Party (Folkpartiet), describes the Swedish Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS), puts it in context with other Swedish legislation, and reflects on its societal costs and benefits. The reform utilizes direct payments for freedom of choice, self-determination and personal responsibility and, in this way, differs from traditional Swedish welfare politics where state agencies typically combine the functions of needs assessment, financing, quality control and service provision. Mr Westerberg, who credits the Swedish Independent Living movement for introducing the concept of direct payments for personal assistance to Sweden, succeeded in getting the legislation approved by Parliament during the country's deep economic crisis at the beginning of the 1990's. In Sweden, his personal pride in the legislation he authored is well-known. 
Willig Levy, Chava.  1998.  A People's History of the Independent Living Movement.
Chava Willig Levy relates stories from the IL Movement to create a people's history. This mongraph explores human rather than social forces. It looks at who rather than what shaped the IL movement. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ILhistory.html
Segalman, Bob.  1999.  People with Speech Disabilities Now Have a Telephone Service.
Dial toll free to reach a patient, trained operator who is familiar with many speech patterns and has acute hearing. This operator makes telephone calls for you and repeats your words exactly. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/speechphone.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka, Larsson Anna.  1993.  Peer Support - En sjöman ber inte om medvind - han lär sig segla.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/peersupport.html (In Swedish.)
Grotta, Alessandra, Goungor Kamil.  2023.  Peer support and independent living.
Sisco, Patricia.  1992.  Peer counseling: an overview.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools22.html
Longmore, Paul K.  1999.  Paul Longmore's testimony before Assembly Judiciary Committee Protesting Assembly Bill 1592.
A testimony before the Assembly Judiciary Committee against AB 1592 which would legalize physician assisted suicide in California. The committee voted for the bill 8 to 7 - there is a long fight ahead. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/longmore1592.html
Aslanifard, Marjan.  2023.  Pathways to the Labour Market for Persons with Disabilities and Forced Migration Experience in Sweden and Germany. Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, Linköpings University. Master's Programme in Ethnic and Migration Studies:83.PDF icon LIU-IKOSEMS-A-2314-SE-Marjan-Aslanifard.pdf (1.38 MB)
Berg, Susanne, Jahanmahan Farhad.  2004.  ”Partnerskap – det är snyggt, men svårt” är ett radioprogram om möjligheter och svårigheter i biståndsarbete.
Sverige ger mindre än en procent av bruttonationalprodukten i internationellt bistånd. En del av detta kanaliseras genom den svenska folkrörelsen. Aktiva handikapporganisationer bedriver biståndsprojekt via SHIA, Svenska Handikapporganisationers Internationella Biståndsförening. Lyssna-MP3 (28:57, 27,2 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Malin Ekman Aldén, Stefan Sundquist, Annika Åkerberg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bistand2003.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/bistand2003.html.
Miles, M.  2007.  Parents of Deaf Afghan Children -- On The Air.
In these short scripts from a radio series, Afghan parents and a counsellor discuss issues of raising their deaf child in a rural area of Afghanistan, and several ways in which they can assist her in learning to communicate. An explanatory note follows, on the origin and purpose of the radio series. [Earlier versions of these scripts were circulated in 1984, 1986 and 1988, from the Mental Health Centre Peshawar, Pakistan.] Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200705.html
Disabled Peoples' International - European Region.  1998.  Panel Discussion - Open Debate, Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled People (1998).
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics5.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html
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Roth, Helga.  1996.  Overview of the Conference "Self-determined Living for Disabled Women in Europe".
A brief review of papers and discussions about Women with Disabilities held during the conference in Munich, 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/WomensConference.html
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Rydberg(fp), Birgitta, Bexelius(fp) Birgitta, Wallhager(fp) Maria.  2003.  Överklagande av Stockholms läns landstings beslut 2003-10-07 ang avgiftshöjningar för rullstolstaxi.
Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/r-b-w-fp200310.html (In Swedish).
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Hagan, Ben E, Wellington H N A.  1992.  Opportunities and constraints for access legislation in Ghana.
This paper by E. Ben Hagan and H. N. A. Wellington of the Building & Road Research Institute, Dept. of Architecture, University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, analyses existing socio-cultural and institutional arrangements in Ghana in order to provide a basis for proposing a strategy to achieve access legislation within the prevailing development context. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare7.html
Wellington, H N A.  1992.  Opportunities and challenges of barrier-free design consciousness - an evaluation of the application of barrier-free design principles in the socio-cultural circumstances in Ghana.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare19.html
Jagoe, Kathryn.  1995.  Opening universities to students with disabilities: University of Cape Town, South Africa.
The Disability Unit at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. aims to 'mainstream' rather than follow the 'welfare model' and to dismantle the many barriers that inhibit students and staff who have disabilities or chronic illnesses, from participating equally and fully in all aspects of the University. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/UCapeTown95.html
Macfarlane, Ann.  2003.  Older People and Direct Payments.
Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003. "Older People and Direct Payments." Includes: Older People & Legislation on Assessment & Direct Payments, Summary of the legal provisions, by Ann Macfarlane MBE, March 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/macfarlane200303.html
Brown, Steven E.  1997.  Oh, Don't You Envy Us Our Privileged Lives?
Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, reviewed the history of disability culture and its artifacts. A Review Of The Disability Culture Movement." First published in "Disability & Rehabilitation, August 1997. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.html, www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.doc (PDF, 62 KB; Word, RTF, 73 KB.).
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National Council on Disability (NCD).  1999.  Ny rapport från NCD om förbättringar i tillämpningen av rättigheter för flygresenärer med funktionsnedsättgning.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd1999sv.html
Westberg, Kenneth.  2011.  Norway: “The upcoming legislation will be a disappointment”.
Westberg, Kenneth.  2011.  Norway: Personal Assistance heading for legislation?
Westberg, Kenneth.  2011.  Norway: “Government breaks its promise of legislation for personal assistance”.
Thorén, Clas.  1991.  The Nordic Committee on Disability: Existing legislation in the Nordic countries.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest30.html  
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2008.  No shortcuts on the road to employment for persons with disabilities.
Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/ratzka20080708
Kawauchi, Yoshi.  2000.  New Japanese Legislation on Accessible Public Transportation.
This brief comment by Yoshi Kawauchi, architect, access specialist and advocate, Tokyo, Japan, is critical of the new Japanese legislation on access in public transportation. While appreciating the law as a first step towards improvement, he is critical because the law is not a civil rights law and has no procedure for consumers to file complaints, does not include taxicabs because of political pressure, and does not cover people with developmental disabilities or psychiatric disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/japan001027.html
Albert, Bill.  1998.  The New Genetics and Disabled People.
The following paper draws heavily on the British Council of Organisations of Disabled People's (BCODP) discussions on the issue of genetics and disabled people. Please note that this paper is NOT BCODP policy but rather a discussion document intended to encourage debate within the movement. For more information on the issue of genetics and disabled people BCODP please refer to the BCODP web site. Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/docs1/albert1998.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2014.  Nej till åldersbegränsningen av mänskliga rättigheter! Ja till personlig assistans efter behov inte ålder!. Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. 21(3-4):7.
Människor som förvärvar sitt funktionshinder efter 65 år missgynnas i jämförelse med de som får en funktionsnedsättning i yngre år: enligt den nuvarande lagen om assistansersättning (LSS) kan de inte få assistansersättning som skulle förbättra deras livskvaliet enligt Adolf Ratzka, verksamhetsledare för Independent Living Institute. Personlig assistans är så mycket billigare per timme än kommunal hemtjänst och andra kommunala insatser och samtidigt så mycket effektivare, hävdar debattartikelns författare, att man borde räkna på de samhällsekonomiska effekterna av att utöka rätten till assistansersättning till alla människor med assistansbehov oavsett ålder eller personkrets.Artikeln publicerades först i Social Vetenskaplig Tidskrift Årgång 21, Nummer 3-4, 2014
PDF icon Nej till åldersbegränsningen av mänskliga rättigheter (124.24 KB)
Curtis, Bruce.  1980.  The need for Independent Living programs: an historical context and summary of progressive independent living services.
In this early article, Bruce Curtis, of the Technical Assistance Project, Center for Independent Living in Berkeley, California, traces the history of forced dependency and institutionalization which has and often continues to be the lot of disabled persons. Basic denial of disabled people’s human and civil rights led to the 1972 establishment of the Center for Independent Living in 1972 in Berkeley – a rights advocacy and service organization developed by and for disabled people. Curtis outlines the various components of the center’s activities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/curtisbneed.html
National Council on Disability (NCD).  1999.  NCD Releases Report on Improving the Enforcement of Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199.html
Fränti, Marttiina, Könkkölä Maija.  1991.  National report on Finnish access legislation.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest9.html
Independent Living Institute.  2021.  Narrative Report ‘Disability Rights Defenders’/ ‘IL Nordic Network’ September 2020 – June 2021. PDF icon DRD-Narrative-Report-2020-2021.pdf (138.52 KB)
Rentzsch, Anne.  2005.  När man behöver hjälp så ringer man, är ett program om boendeservice och dess historia i Sverige.
Lyssna-MP3 (22:44 minuter, 21,3 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (14.7 MB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/nar-man-behover-hjalp.mp3,  (In Swedish.)

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