R
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2003.
The prerequisites for de-institutionalization. Paper presented at the European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200304.html.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1984.
Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm4.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1998.
Independent Living in der Slowakei.". 1997 wann das Institut für Independent Living Projektverträge in der Slovakischen Republik im Rahmen des EU PHARE Programms für die Einführung eines Models für Persönliche Assistenz mit Bargeldleistungen an die Assistenznehmer sowie eines Models für ein rollstuhlgerechtes, der Öffentlichkeit zugängliches, Taxisystem mit Subventionierung der behinderten Reisenden. Der Artikel diskutiert die besonderen Schwierigkeiten und Möglichkeiten von benutzer-initierten und benutzer-betriebenen Lösungen in post-kommunistischen Gesellschaften. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakiade.html (In German.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2008.
Vem sparar i LSS-kommitténs förslag? Internet publication URL:http://www.independentliving.org/ratzka20081001
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1990.
Gustav Möller (s) och STIL. STIL-modellen - maximalt självbestämmande men offentlig finansiering - knyter an till gammal socialdemokratisk tradition. Gustav Möller var svensk socialminister på 40-talet och förordnade den s k kontantlinjen. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar1990a.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2014.
Nej till åldersbegränsningen av mänskliga rättigheter! Ja till personlig assistans efter behov inte ålder!. Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. 21(3-4):7.
Människor som förvärvar sitt funktionshinder efter 65 år missgynnas i jämförelse med de som får en funktionsnedsättning i yngre år: enligt den nuvarande lagen om assistansersättning (LSS) kan de inte få assistansersättning som skulle förbättra deras livskvaliet enligt Adolf Ratzka, verksamhetsledare för Independent Living Institute. Personlig assistans är så mycket billigare per timme än kommunal hemtjänst och andra kommunala insatser och samtidigt så mycket effektivare, hävdar debattartikelns författare, att man borde räkna på de samhällsekonomiska effekterna av att utöka rätten till assistansersättning till alla människor med assistansbehov oavsett ålder eller personkrets.Artikeln publicerades först i Social Vetenskaplig Tidskrift Årgång 21, Nummer 3-4, 2014
Nej till åldersbegränsningen av mänskliga rättigheter (124.24 KB) Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1996.
Introduction to direct payments for personal assistance. For persons with extensive disabilities there are two key requirements: personal assistance and accessibility in the built environment including accessible housing. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/directpay.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1994.
Independent Living and the family: The context of Costa Rica and Sweden.". In the context of the family, Independent Living implies participation in all areas of human life, especially loving relationships, sexuality and parenthood. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/FamilyCRSweden.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2004.
The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994. Adolf Ratzka (Director of the Independent Living Institute), personal assistance and ventilator user for over 40 years, describes the features of the Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 using his personal example as an illustration for the possibilities the policy opens up for people with extensive disabilities. Keynote address, Japanese Ventilator Users’ Network Symposium, Tokyo, 2004-06-23. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka20040623.html. Japanese version (PDF, 209 KB), Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka20040623-japanese.pdf.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2002.
IT and disabled people's employment: opportunities and limits, The example of the Independent Living Institute. Ratzka, Director, Independent Living Institute, describes some of the features of the Institute's Website and shows some of the possibilities offered by the internet to individuals with disabilities and their organizations. Pointing out the qualifications that working in this environment requires he concludes that IT cannot materially improve disabled people's employment situation as long as they do not have equal access to education, housing and transportation services. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka20020201.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1988.
Aufstand der Betreuten - Selbstrespekt als Richtschnur. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka88a.html (in German.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2009.
Interview with Kalle Könkkölä November 2008. Internet publication URL: https://www.independentliving.org/kalle_konkkola200811
kalle_konkkola200811.pdf (31.76 KB) Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1986.
Den lilla skillnaden - Apropå vår omslagsbild. Från "Stiletten" nr. 4/86, oktober 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar198610.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1991.
The case for accessibility legislation in a market economy." . Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest28.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1997.
Independent Living and Our Organizations: A Definition. We are the last minority to fight for our rights and we will not go away. Even with the most sophisticated prevention, early detection and rehabilitation services there will always be people with disabilities and we have to build our societies in such a way that everybody can live in them with dignity and self-respect. Presentation at the conference "Our Common World" organized by Disability Rights Advocates Hungary in Siofok, Hungary, May 9-11, 1997.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1992.
Tools for Power: A Resource Kit for Independent Living. The aim of the "Resource Kit" is threefold: (1) to empower disabled individuals and organizations of disabled persons, (2) to serve as a handbook for professionals, and (3) to aid NGO's in their disability work. It was a project of the Independent Living Committee of Disabled Peoples' International.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2004.
Richtlinien für eine beispielhafte nationale Gesetzgebung für persönliche Assistenz. Die meisten Menschen, die bei alltäglichen Verrichtungen, wie beispielsweise beim Aufstehen, beim Gang zur Toilette oder beim Baden auf Hilfe von anderen angewiesen sind, haben lediglich die Wahl zwischen einem sehr eingeschränkten Leben in einem Wohnheim oder im Elternhaus. Wie muss eine ideale nationale Gesetzgebung aussehen, die es ihnen mit Hilfe von Persönlicher Assistenz ermöglicht, als gleichwertige Bürgerinnen und Bürger vollumfänglich am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilzunehmen und den ihnen zustehenden Platz in der Gesellschaft, d.h. in ihren Familien, ihrer Nachbarschaft, und am Arbeitsplatz einzunehmen? Das Europäische Kompetenzzentrum für Persönliche Assistenz ECEPA ist ein Projekt, das von Menschen geleitet wird, die selbst auf persönliche Assistenz angewiesen sind. Die vorliegenden Gesetzgebungsrichtlinien entstanden aus deren gemeinsamen konkreten Erfahrungen mit den verschiedenen Systemen der persönlichen Assistenz in acht europäischen Ländern. Ein Projekt des Europäischen Kompetenzzentrums für Persönliche Assistenz, European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA); Internetveröffentlichung: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a-de.html und www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a-de.pdf (59 KB). Übersetzung für die deutschsprachige Schweiz durch ZSL Zürich, Mai 2006. Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1998.
Crip Utopia. Ironisk science fiction. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzkacusv.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
1993.
Vi behöver alternativ till färdtjänsten!. STIL-modellen som visade sig så framgångsrik på personlig assistans-området kan med fördel användas även på andra områden som t ex individuella resor. Artikeln publicerades i DN i mars 1993. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ar199303.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.
2003.
Checklist for Organizing Independent Living Events. In this checklist the author covers the steps of planning, event format, event contents and media work which are crucial to the success of a workshop, training session, seminar or conference on Independent Living. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200308a.html
Rajkov, Gordana.
2003.
Inependent Living and Yugoslav Experience. The report presented on behalf Centre for Independent Living of Serbia, at the Europena Network on Independent Living (ENIL) Conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003. Gordana R. is a founding member of CIL in Serbia, and in the report she is explaining the current situation of disabled people in Serbia in the light of economic, social and political context, and CIL’s efforts to promote the idea of Independent Living Phylosophy in Serbia, particularly the PA Service, through pilot projects and research. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov200303.html
Racino, Julie Ann.
1991.
Centrum för Independent Living (CIL), Berkeley, California: Funktionshindrade visar vägen till fullvärdigt medborgarskap. The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91sv.html (In Swedish.)
Racino, Julie Ann.
1991.
Center for Independent Living (CIL): Disabled People Take the Lead for Full Community Lives. The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91.html
P
Polinszky, Tibor.
1991.
Regulation of the non-handicapping environment in Hungary. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest26.html
Physical Disability Council of NSW, Inc..
1999.
Position Papers '99, Attendant Care. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pdcnsw99.html
Philippen, D P.
1991.
Access legislation. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest25.html
Pfeiffer, David.
1988.
Divisions in the disability community. Within the community of disabled persons in this country there is a division between those concerned with civil rights and those concerned with service delivery. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3b.html
Pfeiffer, David.
1995.
The Disability Movement and its History. Pfeiffer, resident scholar in the Center on Disability Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, past president of the Society for Disability Studies, present editor of Disability Studies Quarterly and an early leader of the U.S. disability rights movement while a full time faculty member at Suffolk University in Boston, explores the history of the American disability rights movements through some of its most classic texts. First published as "Hip Crip 101." Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, Dec.-Jan. 1994-95. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/pfeiffer95.html
Pfeiffer, David.
1994.
Eugenics and Disability Discrimination. David Pfeiffer presents and discusses the many statutory ways in which the civil rights of disabled people were, and still are, violated through state and local government laws in the United States. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pfeiffe1.html
Peterson, Dick.
1998.
Hanging In There. Dick Peterson creates a new hoisting device with an above-the-waist lifting harness, making transfers smoother for people with various physical disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/peterson.html
Persson, Ann.
2003.
Protester mot höjd avgift för rullstolstaxi. Dagens Nyhter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031007.html (In Swedish).
Persson, Ann, Palmgren Nils.
2003.
Fel siffra orsakade rabalder i färdtjänstdebatt. Dagens Nyheter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031003.html (In Swedish.)
Parakattel, Paul.
1991.
Creating accessibility in developing countries. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest23.html
N
Nyhetsbyrån ikapp.
2003.
Populärt byta färdtjänstbuss mot taxi. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ikapp20030327.html (In Swedish).
Ntsika Enterprise Promotion Agency.
2000.
Innovative Disabled Entrepreneur Award Scheme (IDEAS) - Calling All Entrepreneurs With Disabilities. Promoting entrepreneurship of persons with disabilities through competition and awards: an example from South Africa. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Innovative-Disabled-Entrepreneur-Award-Scheme.html
Nolan, Ann, Regan Colm.
2003.
Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities - A Summary Guide, A new and innovative policy approach to providing services to disabled people in Ireland. This information leaflet is based on the research project, "Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities," carried out by the Bray Partnership in 2002 (see above). The aim of the leaflet is to provide information and create awareness about the concept of direct payments, as well as to commence a lobbying process for the introduction of a direct payments pilot programme. As such, the leaflet fulfills part of the recommendations of the research project relating to dissemination of information and increasing awareness. Bray Partnership, Ireland, Website: www.braypartnership.ie. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305-sum.pdf (155 KB). See also the main document, Internet publication URL:www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305.pdf (357 KB) Nkeli, Jerry.
1998.
How to overcome double discrimination of disabled people in South Africa. South African Human Rights Commissioner, Jerry Nkeli, outlines the country's history from the point of view of the Disability Rights Movement. Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Arranged by Handikappombudsmannen in cooperation with Independent Living Sverige, Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr5.html
Nkeli, Jerry.
1998.
Human Rights Commissioner reflects on achievements obtained by people with disabilities. In South Africa we have disabled people in leadership-roles and have achieved a lot but we have many problems to face in the field of human rights such as issues dealing with racial intolerance and a diversity of various issues that deal with colonialism. Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823f.html
Newman, Gertrude.
1992.
Promotion of access legislation in Ghana. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare13.html
National Council on Disability (NCD).
1999.
Ny rapport från NCD om förbättringar i tillämpningen av rättigheter för flygresenärer med funktionsnedsättgning. The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd1999sv.html
National Council on Disability (NCD).
1999.
NCD Releases Report on Improving the Enforcement of Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities. The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.
1999.
IL-rörelsen breder ut sig i Asien. Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299sv.html (In Swedish.)
Nakanishi, Yukiko.
1999.
Independent Living movement spreads in Asia. Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.
1998.
Effects of the Economic Downturn in Japan. The Japanese Government has been trying to promote decentralization for the last 6-7 years. Disabled persons are afraid that some services will be cut due to scarce local resources. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/JapanEcon.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.
2002.
Development and Self-Help Movement of Women with Disabilities. This article focuses on development assistance models and philosophies for women with disabilities who struggle to achieve independence in Asia, first from the viewpoint of a development program organizer and then from the viewpoint of a witness of empowered self-help movements. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nakanishi.html
Nadash, Pamela.
1998.
Independent Choices: Enhancing Consumer Direction for People with Disabilities. Allowing consumers to manage and direct the long-term services they need acknowledges that they are the best judges of their own needs and the best decision-makers on how these needs get met - an acknowledgment seldom made. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3983.html
M
Montero, Federico.
1998.
Legislation on Disability: The Costa Rican Experience. Despite the country's relative good respect for human rights and our democratic system, disabled people still do not enjoy equal rights and participation in all aspects of society. Among the factors that prevent disabled people from full citizenship are negative attitudes against disability. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr12.html
Montero, Federico.
1998.
Human Rights and Organisations of Disabled Persons in Costa Rica. Despite positive changes in Costa Rica's social policies, disabled people still are denied certain rights to participate in all aspects of society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823e.html
Mohit, Anuradha, Rungta S K.
2000.
Preliminary ideas and procedures for ensuring systematic international collection of information. In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." Pre-paper 7. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/mohit00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc
Ministry of Social Affairs, Sweden.
1993.
Gesetz zum Assistenzbudget. ("Assistansersättning" - "Compensation for Assistance.") Ursprünglicher Gesetzestext von 1993, der einen bestimmten Personenkreis zu Geldleistungen für persönliche Assistenz von der schwedischen Sozialversicherung berechtigt.Das Gesetz wurde seit seinem Inkrafttreten am 1.1. 1994 mehrmals abeändert, was Einschränkungen aber auch vereinzelte Verbesserungen für Assistenznehmer mit sich führte. (Für die Qualität der Ü bersetzung ist das schwedische Sozialministerium und nicht das Independent Living Institute verantwortlich.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/schweden199311.html (In German.)
Miles, M.
2000.
Blind People Handling Their Own Fate. Accounts of earlier social responses to blind people particularly in Japan, and to some extent in China, indicate a measure of both group and individual autonomy within reserved and valued occupations, ostensibly reflecting a status model more 'normal' than blind people enjoyed in much of European history. (Excerpt From: M. Miles (2000) Disability on a Different Model: Glimpses of an Asian Heritage.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles1.html
Miles, M.
2008.
HITTITE DEAF MEN IN THE 13th CENTURY BC: introductory notes with annotated bibliography. The article introduces bibliographical evidence on deaf men working in palaces and temples of the Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia (now Turkey) during the 13th century BC, with further notes on signing and deaf people's activities in the ancient and medieval Middle East. With some additions and revision September 2009. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200809.html and www.independentliving.org/files/miles200809.pdf.
miles200809.pdf (107.78 KB) HITTITE_DEAF_MEN_IN_THE_13th_CENTURY_BC_traduction_francaise_4.pdf (637.26 KB) Miles, M.
2007.
Review - Epileptic Graphic. Review of “Epileptic” by “David B.”, a remarkably frank account, in graphics and cartoon strip, of childhood and adulthood with an older brother having epilepsy, and a family doing the tour of cures in France of the 1960s and 1970s. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200704.html
Miles, M.
2007.
Disability and Deafness, in the context of Religion, Spirituality, Belief and Morality, in Middle Eastern, South Asian and East Asian Histories and Cultures: annotated bibliography. The bibliography introduces and annotates materials pertinent to disability, mental disorders and deafness, in the context of religious belief and practice in the Middle East, South Asia and East Asia. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.pdf
Miles, M.
1988.
The Blind Afghan Child. A young Afghan who was born blind in a remote village tells of his childhood and how he gained the skills to take part in community life and later to earn his living in a town. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1988a.html
Miles, M.
2001.
Models of Rehabilitation and Evidence of Their Effectiveness: Production & Movements of Disability Knowledge, Skill & Design Within the Cultures and Concepts of Southern Africa. Starting with a disabled person in Mozambique in the 1590s, and a projection of future disability services when knowledge and skills are widely disseminated and rehabilitation professionals are no longer needed, this paper looks more closely at the knowledge and skills available among disabled people and their families and communities in Southern Africa. These factors need to be pooled, refined and tested so that services become rooted in African cultures and respond more appropriately to people's self-perceived needs. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.pdf
Miles, M.
2010.
THE CHUAS OF SHAH DAULAH AT GUJRAT, PAKISTAN: Evidence, Historical Background and Development, with Bibliography 1839-2009. [This article cites and quotes historical materials first collected in: M. Miles (1996) Pakistan's microcephalic chuas of Shah Daulah: cursed, clamped or cherished? History of Psychiatry 7: 571-589, from Taylor & Francis, www.tandf.co.uk/]
Evidence on microcephalic children (chuas) at the shrine, and how some of them developed a capacity for independent living.
Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/miles201005.html
Miles, M.
2007.
Parents of Deaf Afghan Children -- On The Air. In these short scripts from a radio series, Afghan parents and a counsellor discuss issues of raising their deaf child in a rural area of Afghanistan, and several ways in which they can assist her in learning to communicate. An explanatory note follows, on the origin and purpose of the radio series. [Earlier versions of these scripts were circulated in 1984, 1986 and 1988, from the Mental Health Centre Peshawar, Pakistan.] Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200705.html
Miles, M.
2007.
Disability and Deafness in East Asia: Social and Educational Responses, from Antiquity to Recent Times. A bibliography of European-language materials with introduction and some annotation. Revised Version 4.0, August 2007. The bibliography introduces and lists 900 articles, chapters and books connected with social and educational responses to disability, deafness and mental disorders in China, Korea and Japan, from antiquity to 2007, some with annotation. (This work revises and greatly extends an earlier bibliography on the former History of Education website at the Catholic University of Nijmegen). Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.pdf
Miles, M.
2003.
Segregated We Stand? The Mutilated Greeks' Debate at Persepolis, 330 BC Probably the world's earliest recorded policy debate among a large group ofdisabled people. Also the first time a ruler changed his mind in response towhat they actually asked for. First published in Disability & Society 18 (7):865-79. Reproduced with permission of Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis,and with some revision. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2003.html
Miles, M.
1994.
What is Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)? This paper tells why CBR is needed, and why there are many different views about what CBR is and how it should be done. It was written for the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap (now "Inclusion International"). It uses language that is easy to read. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm1994.html
Miles, M.
2008.
Glimpses of Disability in the Literature and Cultures of East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East & Africa. A modern and historical bibliography, with some annotation. This annotated bibliography lists a selection of 130 novels, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, materials from philosophy, anthropology and folklore, and literary criticism, in which disability, deafness or mental disorders play some significant part, from East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa, available mostly in English or French. Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.pdf
Miles, M.
2002.
Community and Individual Responses to Disablement in South Asian Histories: Old Traditions, New Myths? Documented histories of South Asian societies provide evidence that disabled people played various roles in their families and communities, sometimes with a good deal of independence. The commonest responses have been top-down, charitable or restrictive; yet some evidence challenges the stereotypes and suggests that disablement historically evoked a wider range of responses and initiative. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/miles2002a.html
Miles, M.
2011.
Blind and Sighted Pioneer Teachers in 19th Century China and India (revised edition). This article introduces blind and sighted men and women who developed education and employment for blind people in China and in India from the 1830s onward, and whose pioneering efforts have disappeared from later accounts of blind people's history. This revised and much extended online version is published in April 2011: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles201104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles201104.pdf
miles201104Pioneer-Teach-Blind_v2.pdf (436.77 KB)