By Karl Grunewald, M.D., Professor,
Vesslev. 12, S-13150 Saltsjo-Duvnas, Sweden. karl.grunewald@swipnet.se

Former Head of Division for Care of People with Disability,
National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm

2003

"All men are born free and equal in dignity and
rights." UN 1948

A society that discriminates its disabled citizens
is a disabled society.

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M. Miles
West Midlands UK

CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

by Dr. Adolf D. Ratzka
founder and former chairperson of STIL, Stockholm, Sweden

Personal assistance, like no other service, illustrates the key elements of Independent Living. People who need personal assistance have always been made dependent on others for the most basic needs of life such as eating or using the toilet. Given this physical dependency the conclusion was close at hand to consider us as dependent on others also emotionally and intellectually. If you cannot pull up your pants like a small child, you may be treated like a small child in other areas as well. It is no surprise then that the Independent Living philosophy is most easily grasped by people who need personal assistance.

Traditional Swedish Personal Assistance Services

av Javed Abidi, Executive Director,
National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, i Indien

In English 

Artikeln har tidigare publicerats i Disability Awareness in Action Newsletter, nummer 74, juli 1999.

Javed Abidis ursprungliga artikel från vilken dessa utdrag tagits publicerades ursprungligen i DeepShitha, Spastics Society of Eastern Indias nyhetsblad i december 1998.

by Javed Abidi
Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India

På svenska

This article appeared in Disability Awareness in Action Newsletter no. 74, July 1999.

Javed Abidi's original article, from which these extracts were taken, were originally published in DeepShitha, the journal of the Spastics Society of Eastern India, in December 1998.

s Personal Assistance Relevant for Developing Countries?

See Curriculum Vitae.

Bamboo, symbol of
strength through resilience.

Independent Living är en filosofi och en internationell rörelse av människor med funktionshinder som arbetar för självbestämmande, lika villkor och självrespekt.

Independent Living betyder inte att vi vill göra allt själv, att vi inte behöver andra människor eller att vi vill leva isolerat.

Bamboo, symbol of
strength through resilience.

Independent Living is a philosophy and a movement of people with disabilities who work for self-determination, equal opportunities and self-respect.

Independent Living does not mean that we want to do everything by ourselves and do not need anybody or that we want to live in isolation.