Annotated List of Documents in the Library by Author 

Svenska dokument

1st European Congress on Independent Living. 2003-04-26. "Tenerife Declaration - Promote Independent Living - End Discrimination against Disabled People." From the1st European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tenrife20020426en.html

The Tenerife Declaration, signed in Tenerife in April 2003, is a policy document agreed upon by four hundred participants from many European countries and calls for the European Union to implement the policies outlined in the Declaration. The Declaration calls for full and equal participation of disabled people in society through recognizing Independent Living as a fundamental right of all disabled people and implementing policies to facilitate Independent Living.

1st European Congress on Independent Living. 2003-04-26. "Manifiesto de Tenerife - Promovamos la Vida Independiente - Acabemos con la discriminación hacia las personas con discapacidad." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tenrife20020426sp.html

1st European Congress on Independent Living. 2003-04-26. "Dichiarazione di Tenerife: Promuovere la Vita Indipendente Fine della Discriminazione contro le Persone Disabili." From the1st European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tenrife20020426it.html

Abadia, Regine och Sallem, Ryadh (intervju). 2005. "Hungerstrejk för personlig assistans i Frankrike". Lyssna-MP3-svensk (28:21 minuter, 26,6 MB), Lyssna-MP3-français (29:30 minuter, 27,7 MB). Programmet i text (In English, En français). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-fr.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-sv.html, www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-en.html, och www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-fr.html

Marcel Nuss i Strasbourg i Frankrike behöver assistans dygnet runt. Gaby, hans fru, arbetade i 20 år som hans assistent utan ledighet. Det behövdes ett sprucket äktenskap, hot om hungerstrejk och tillkomsten av en militant organisation av assistansbrukare tills regeringen i Paris kände sig tvungen att komma med en lösning.

Abdou, Safaa M. Issa. 1992. "Accessible, adaptable low-cost housing in Egypt." In: "Report of the Fifth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-18, 1992." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare9.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare1.html#anchor52685

Dr. Safaa M. Issa Abdou, from the Development and Popular Housing Co. in Cairo, Egypt, writes about the concept of adaptable design, or design which provides basic universal features easily adapted to a users’ needs. She mentions briefly a proposal for incorporating adaptable design in a low-cost housing project in Egypt and some of the problems encountered.

Abidi, Javed. 1998-12. "We (disabled people) Must Learn to Exert Ourselves." First published in Deep Shihta, Journal of the Spastics Society of Eastern India, December 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/abidi.html

According to Abidi, Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India, with 60-70 million disabled people in India, disability is clearly a social issue, a socio-economic issue, a development issue. Why then is disability not a national issue?

Abidi, Javed. 1998-12. "Vi måste lära oss att hävda oss." First published in Deep Shihta, Journal of the Spastics Society of Eastern India, December 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/abidisv.html (In Swedish.)

According to Abidi, Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India, with 60-70 million disabled people in India, disability is clearly a social issue, a socio-economic issue, a development issue. Why then is disability not a national issue?

Ahuja, Suresh C. 1989-08. "Role of Disabled Persons & Families in the Equalization of Opportunites." Presented at the International Meeting on Human Resources in the Field of Disability, Tallin, 14-22 August 1989. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ahuja.html

Disabled persons can be converted from tax consumers to tax payers, from beneficiaries to benefactors, given the opportunity for self-development and provided with equal opportunities for education, vocational training and employment.

Albert, Bill. 1998. "The New Genetics and Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/albert1998.html

Clinical genetics and genetic research have given rise to an ethical minefield. However, disabled people offer a unique perspective on the issues which may help everyone chart a safer way through.

Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Anderberg, Peter. 2007-10. "Kort om assistansberedningens delbetänkande med Stefan Pelc, egen arbetsgivare för sina assistenter". Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/anderberg200710a.html (In Swedish.)

Anderberg, Peter. 2007-10. "Assistansutredningens delbetänkande - Hårdare tag mot användare av assistans"! Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/anderberg200710b.html (In Swedish.)

Andrich, Renzo. 1999. "EUSTAT Study (Empowering Users Through Assistive Technology), Training Manuals." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/eustat99.html

EUSTAT, a European project carried out within the EU/Telematics Programme, has published educational material specifically addressed towards end-users of Assistive Technology - people with disabilities.

Annan, Kofi. 1999-12-03. "United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan's Message on the International Day of Disabled Persons." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/annan1999.html

In his message on the International Day of Disabled Persons, 3 December 1999, Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations, spoke about the theme of the day, accessibility, with a reminder that for many people with disabilities, the lack of access to essential services remains a source of discrimination and lost opportunities. Accessibility in the broadest sense of the term is a prerequisite for disabled people to enjoy equal opportunities.

Agerblad, Annika och Ratzka, Adolf. 1995-09. "Rätten till föräldraskap." En konferens arrangerad av Handikappombudsmannen och STIL, med stöd från Allmänna Arvsfonden, Stockholm 28-29 augusti 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ratt95.html (In Swedish.)

Armeni, Alain. 1991-09. "Towards general accessibility of the built environment for persons with limited mobility." In: "Report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions Budapest, Hungary, September 2-4, 1991" (PDF, 480 KB). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest2.html. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest.pdf

Alain Armeni, from the French Ministry of Housing, writes about French progress in the area of accessibility since 1966. Since 1978, new or rebuilt public buildings must be accessible for people with disabilities. In 1980 measures covering accessibility in housing were improved, with the aim of providing maximum autonomy for persons with limited mobility. These general measures, currently in force, are described the report.

Asaka, Junko. "Disability, women and love." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools25.html

Junko Asaka speaks candidly about her own experiences of being in love and being a woman with a disability, revealing how she came to terms with her own perceptions of herself.

Asaka, Junko. "Funktionsnedsättning, kvinnor och kärlek." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools25sv.html (In Swedish.)

Aslaksen, Finn; Bergh,Steinar; Bringa, Olav Rand; Heggem, Edel Kristin. 1997. "Universal Design Planning and Design for All." (PDF, 5.26 MB).The Norwegian State Council on Disability. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/nscd1997.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/nscd1997.pdf

This report attempts to develop and illustrate the concept of universal design, which opposes, ideologically and politically, all unnecessary and stigmatizing specialized solutions. The principles and definitions of universal design were developed by The Center for Universal Design, USA.

Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH) - Disability Advocacy Worldwide. 1997-12. "Resolution Opposing the Legalization of Physician Assisted Suicide." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tash199712.html

In their 1997 resolution opposing the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH) provides a long list of reasons for their opposition to physician assisted suicide, including the negative aspects of allowing physicians to have such power, the insufficiency of proposed safeguards, and dissatisfaction with the implementation of safeguards in conjunction with euthanasia in the Netherlands.

Atanasova, Gallina. 1991-06. "Disability in Bulgaria - the necessity of higher social protection during the crisis period and the transition to a market economy." Third ENIL Seminar, Stockholm, Sweden June 1991. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilstockholmsem2.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilstockholmsem1.html

Gallina Atanassova outlines the effects that half a century of totalitarian socialism has had on the current situation of disabled people in Bulgaria. She describes the work of the Union of Disabled People in Bulgaria, a grass roots organization which advocates for the rights and needs of disabled people in Bulgaria.

Author unknown. Probable date 1997. "Bibliography: Design for Accessibility and Health." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/healthbiblio.html

A U.S.A centered bibliography of 52 publications about designing for accessibility and health, covering the period between the early 1980s and mid-1990s.

Baha’i International Community. 1998-08. "Human Rights and Disability. Statement to the fortieth session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Agenda item 7: human rights and disability. Geneva, Switzerland, August 1988." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bic199808.html

Bahn, Erik & Tina, Arkitekterne Bahn. 1991. "Waste disposal in the household - recycling systems for everyone." In: "Report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions Budapest, Hungary, September 2-4, 1991" (PDF, 480 KB). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest3.html. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest.pdf

This report, by the architects Erik & Tina Bahn, describes a project their architectural firm carried out for the Danish Building Development Board. The project was to develop and test recycling systems for waste disposal in the home which were as user-friendly and usable for as large a group of the population as possible.

Baker, Jordan. 2000-06-08. "Federal Report Recommends Making Technology Access Easier For People With Disabilities (Australia)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/baker200006.html

This article recommends strategies for helping the elderly and people with disabilities access new information technologies.

Baldwinson, Tony. "A basic guide to the EU bus and coach directive." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/baldwinson.html

Bang, Marian. 1996. "Towards a more helpful society." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/mclarenetal1996.html#anchor1

Research on assistive devices that make daily tasks easier is seen as a tool for empowering both those with disabilities and their care-givers.

Barnes, Colin. 1998-08-23. "Presentation at the Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective Stockholm, Sweden, 1998-08-23." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823g.html

In his presentation at the seminar organized by Independent Living Sweden, Stockholm, Professor Colin Barnes of the Disability Research Unit in Leeds, UK, discusses rights and conditions for disabled persons in the UK and developed countries as compared to those in developing countries. He raises questions concerning the efficacy of legislation, the concept of rights, disability as one of many forms of social oppression, how developed countries’ economic policies are responsible for disability in developing countries, the role of organizations in improving conditions for disabled people, and the importance of the right to life.

Barnes, Colin. 1998-08-24. "Discrimination and the law - the British Experience." Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Stockholm, Sweden, 1998-08-24. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr6.html

In his presentation at the seminar organized by Independent Living Sweden, Stockholm, and and the Office of the Disability Ombudsman, Professor Colin Barnes of the Disability Research Unit in Leeds, UK, describes the Disability Discrimination Act enacted in 1995 in the UK, why and how the Act came into being, and why the Act is a mistake. He notes that the result of policies in general has been to create dependence for disabled people instead of independence which is what disabled people want and have a right to.

Barnes, Colin. 2001-06. "Rethinking Care From the Perspective of Disabled People." Conference Report and Recommendations (Draft). World Health Organization Disability and Rehabilitation Team. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes200106.pdf (PDF, 112 KB).

In this report to the United Nations World Health Organization, Professor Barnes, from the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, England, recommends that member nations adopt a holistic approach that includes the introduction of policies to eliminate poverty and secure equal access to all community based services and facilities. These include medical services, education, employment, housing, transport, public amenities etc. The responsibility of national governments for introducing and financing these developments is also addressed.

Barnes, Colin. 2003. "Rehabilitation for Disabled People: a ‘sick’ joke?" Penultimate draft of an article submitted for publication in a special issue of the ‘Scandinavian Journal of Research’, Volume 5. 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes2003a.html

Professor Barnes, from the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, England argues that the relationship between disability and rehabilitation is best explained in terms of three distinct but related definitions of disability: the orthodox ‘individualistic’ medical definition, the more liberal ‘inter-relational’ account, and the ‘radical‘ socio/political interpretation commonly referred to as the ‘social model of disability’. He concludes with a brief focus on alternative strategies generated by disabled people and their organisations.

Barnes, Colin. 2003. "Independent Living, Politics and Implications." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Colin Barnes is Professor of Disability Studies and Director of the Centre for Disability Studies in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds, England. In this chapter of the book he gives a concise explanation of orthodox thinking on disability and an a different perspective developed by disabled people themselves. He then examines the concept of independent living and its impact on policy development.

Barnes, Colin. 2003-03-06. "Disability, the organization of work, and the need for change." Statement presented to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Conference ‘Transforming Disability Into Ability’, March 6th 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes20030306.html

Professor Barnes, from the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, England points out that, "regardless of their role within the 'conventional' labour market, disabled people are both producers and consumers of a vast array of services upon which many non-disabled people depend; they are, therefore, a fundamental component within this equation."

Barnes, Colin. 2007-06-05. “‘Direct Payments’ for Personal Assistants for Disabled People: a key to independent living?” Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/barnes20070605.html

Bartz, Elke. 1998. "Zur Lage der Assistenznehmer in Deutschland." (In German.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/bartz199802.html

Batavia, Andrew I. 1998. "Prospects for a National Personal Assistance Services Program: Enhancing Choice for People With Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/batavia1998.html

Mr. Batavia is Associate Professor, School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida. The article was published in American Rehabilitation, Volume 24, Number 4, Winter 1998, Personal Assistance Services Part 2 of 2. American Rehabilitation is the official publication of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 330 C Street S.W. Washington D.C. 20202-2531.

Batavia, Andrew I. 1998. "Utsikter för ett Nationellt Personlig program för personlig assistans: att öka valmöjligheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/batavia1998sv.html (In Swedish.)

Andrew Batavia är Associate Professor vid School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida. Artikeln, Prospects for a National Personal Assistance Services Program: Enhancing Choice for People with Disabilities, är tidigare publicerad i American Rehabilitation Volym 24, nummer 4 Vintern 1998 Personal Assistance Services del 2 av 2. American Rehabilitation är Rehabilitation Services Adminsitrations (RSA) officiella organ. Adress: 330 C Street S.W Washington D.C. 20202-2531

Batavia, Drew and Gallagher, Hugh Gregory. 1999. "Gallagher and Batavia on Physician-assisted Suicide - An Open Letter to People with Disabilities" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/gallbat.html

Hugh Gallagher and Drew Batavia clarify their position on physician-assisted suicide and people with disabilities, including a declaration of disability rights.

Bayha, Betsy. 1999. "Media's crippling coverage misses real story of disability experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/bayha1999.html

Why do the media continually use the same ill-fitting and inaccurate phrases such as "wheelchair-bound," "afflicted" and "special needs," that the disability community rejected long ago?

Beatty, Philip; Adams, Martha; and O´Day, Bonnier. "Virginia brukarstyrda personliga assistansprogram: En historik och utvärdering." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/beatty-etalsv.html

Belli, Raffaello. 1998. "Personal Assistance Legislation in Italy." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/belli1998.html

Raffaello Belli reports on various pieces of Italian legislation applying to payment of personal assistance for people with disabilites.

Belli, Raffaello. 2003-03. "Independent Living and some Italian Experiences." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/belli200303.html

Raffaello Belli presents an overview of the history of and current situation for people with disabilities in the various geographical areas in Italy with regard to the Independent Living movement and the availability of resources for Independent Living including direct payments. Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003.

Berg, Susanne. 2003-05-20. "Personal Assistance in Sweden." Plenary presentation at: Personal Assistance in Practice - A Conference Organised by the Swiss Association for Social Policy (Persönliche Assistenz in der Praxis - Eine Informationstagung der Schweizerischen Vereinigung für Sozialpolitik), Hotel Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/berg20030520.html

From the perspective of a personal assistance user, the author describes the background and development of the legislation in Sweden dealing with personal assistance through direct payment. The power issues surrounding establishment of the Stockholm Independent Living Cooperative (STIL) are also addressed.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. "Motstånd – en plikt"! Ett program om politiskt motstånd och civil olydnad, Lyssna-MP3 (26 minuter, 24,4 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Sari Nykvist, Finn Hellman, Jonas Franksson, Fredrik Larsson. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/civilolydnad2002.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/civilolydnad2002.html

Unga med funktionshinder söker sig i dag mot radikalare rörelser. Direktaktioner är det politiska verktyg de väljer och man kan konstatera att de radikala grupperingarna utanför handikappfrågornas område och de inom rörelsen följs åt till form och innehåll. Kanske kan det ses som en reaktion mot den organiserade politiken; mot dennas oförmåga att möta problemställningar och krav från olika grupper. Utomparlamentarism och civil olydnad är det som gäller.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. "Ge oss makt inte medlidande" är ett program om STIL och kampen för personlig assistans. 2004-04. Lyssna-MP3 (28:21 minuter, 26,6 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Adolf Ratzka, Helena Karnström, Bengt Elmén. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-stil1980-1990.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-stil1980-1990.html

Stockholmskooperativet för Independent Living är resultatet av ett litet antal individers kamp för personlig assistans i mitten på nittonhundraåttiotalet. Personlig assistans är, i motsats till hemtjänst eller boendeservice, en service knuten till den enskilde själv. Den som behöver assistans bestämmer själv vem som ska assisterar med vad; när det ska göras och hur.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2004-07. "Det finns hem för sådana där" är ett program om vanföreanstalterna, skolhem för barn med rörelsehinder. 2004-07. Lyssna-MP3 (30:43 minuter, 28,8 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (9,9 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Siv Eriksson, Karin Westlund och Wenche Willumsen. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.html

Barn och unga med funktionshinder hade inte rätt att gå i den ordinarie kommunala skolan. Särskilda skolhem, institutioner var alternativet. Genom en lagändring 1962 – 120 år efter allmän skolplikt infördes i Sverige - blev kommunerna tvungna att erbjuda skolgång på hemorten för rörelsehindrade elever. Programmet följer tre kvinnor med rörelsehinder från 30- till 60-talet.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2003/2005. "Ensam kan jag bo". Jag kan inte det - bo ihopa - är ett program om fyra män som köpte det gamla kvarnhuset på Kaptensgatan i Råå och flyttade ut från gruppbostaden. 2003/2005. Lyssna-MP3 (29:56 minuter, 28,1 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (14.3 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Per Claésson, Lars Lindström, Martin Linnander, Lars Hempel och assistenter, samt Kent och Patricia Ericsson. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.html

I början av 1993 köpte fyra män med begåvningshandikapp ett eget hem i en av Helsingborgs förorter. Huset köptes på öppna marknaden, byggdes om och inreddes gemensamt. Det var det första steget ut från ett kollektivt boende för killarna. I dag lever de som egna individer med personlig assistans. Det här är berättelsen om hur det gick till.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. ”Att göra väl eller välgörenhetsskrammel”. 2004-04, är ett program om insamlingars vara eller inte vara. Vem gagnar de egentligen? Lyssna-MP3 (27 minuter, 25,3 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Jonas Franksson, Agneta Mbyamba, Veronica Svensk. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/insamlingar2002.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/insamlingar2002.html

1997 startar insamlingarna till kronprinsessan Viktorias fond. De donerade pengarna ska gå till att ge funktionshindrade en meningsfull fritid. Fonden blir droppen som får bägaren att rinna över för Förbundet Unga Rörelsehindrade och något år senare startar de själva Stackars Viktoria-fonden i ett motdrag. Välgörenhet är av ondo anser de. Men inom handikapprörelsen finns också andra åsikter.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. ”Partnerskap – det är snyggt, men svårt” är ett program om möjligheter och svårigheter i biståndsarbete. 2004-04. Lyssna-MP3 (28:57, 27,2 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Malin Ekman Aldén, Stefan Sundquist, Annika Åkerberg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bistand2003.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/bistand2003.html

Sverige ger mindre än en procent av bruttonationalprodukten i internationellt bistånd. En del av detta kanaliseras genom den svenska folkrörelsen. Aktiva handikapporganisationer bedriver biståndsprojekt via SHIA, Svenska Handikapporganisationers Internationella Biståndsförening.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004. ”Vad sysslar du med?” är ett program om arbetsmarknaden för unga med funktionshinder och lagen om förbud mot diskriminering i arbetslivet. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (26:57 minuter, 25,3 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (8,9 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare:Pontus Degsell, Fredrik Larsson, Torbjörn Andersson (Handikappombudsmannen), Christina Järnstedt (LO) och Hanna Sejlitz. Intervjuer och research: Farhad Jahanmahan och Susanne Berg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.rm, och www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.html

Vad man sysslar med, vilket arbete man har är av mycket stor betydelse i vårt samhälle. Arbetet är en stor del av den personliga identiteten; en del som inte enbart har betydelse för individens ekonomiska situation men också för hur sociala relationer inleds, formas och utvecklas. Tillgången till arbetsmarknaden är alltså en nyckelfråga för svenskarna. Vi fokuserar i det här programmet på ungdomar med funktionshinder och hur deras entré i arbetslivet ser ut.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004. "Tillgänglighet! Nu!" - ett program om Marschen för tillgänglighet och personer med funktionshinders kamp mot diskriminering. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (26:35 minuter, 24,9 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (8,75 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Marschdeltagare och arrangörer. Musik: Joel Granström och Synliga. Intervjuer och resesearch: Farhad Jahanmahan och Susanne Berg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.html

Den tjugoförsta augusti 2004 marscherar personer med funktionshinder för andra året i rad genom centrala Stockholm. Från Wennergren Center marscherar de genom Stockholm, fram till Mynttorget och Riksdagen. Kravet är lagstiftning som förbjuder diskriminering genom otillgänglighet.

Berg, Susanne och Neveling, Sybille. "Jag var väldigt röd och aktiv på den tiden" - ett program om det vänsterradikala sextiotalet och gruppen Anti-Handikapp. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (32:22 minuter, 30,4 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (15,5 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Teuta Sederstedt, Ulla Brandén, Vilhelm Ekensteen och Adolf Ratzka. Intervjuer och research: Sybille Neveling och Susanne Berg. Musiken spelades av Rullbandet. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.html

Under det röda sextiotalet ifrågasattes samhällets uppbyggnad, orättvisor diskuterades i vänsterbelysning och en våg av aktiviteter intog det offentliga rummet. Personer med funktionshinder blev också radikala. I Lund bildades aktionsgruppen Anti-Handikapp. Påverkan skedde ofta genom musik, teater, debatter. Musiken i det här programmet har vi fått från Teuta Sederstedt. Den kommer från en Demo-kassett med Rullbandet.

Bergström, Hans (intervjuer och research). 2004. "Sundby mentalsjukhus – helt slutet från samhället utanför" - ett program om hur det var att bli intagen för mentalvård på 1980-talet i Sverige. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (29:28 minuter, 27,6 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (13,7 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Ola Persson. Research och intervju: Hans Bergström. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.html

Vård av personer med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar i Sverige handlar om institutionernas historia. Sinnessjuk, mentalsjuk, psykiskt störd är vad personer kallats under åren. Sinnessjukhus, mentalsjukhus, psykiatriska kliniker är namnet på institutionerna. Namnet på personerna är kopplat till namnet på byggnaden där de vårdats. Så blir invånarna avpersonifierade, objekt istället för individer med personlighet. I det här programmet får vi en inblick i vad det innebar att tas in på Sundby mentalsjukhus i början av 1980-talet.

Bergström, Hans (intervjuer och research). "Mentalsjukhusen ska förpassas till historiens skräpkammare" - ett program om Riksförbundet för Social och Mental Hälsa och avvecklingen av de psykiatriska institutionerna. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (29:38 minuter, 27,8 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (13,9 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Hans Bergström, Jan-Olof Forsén och Ola Persson. Intervjuer och research gjordes av Hans Bergström. Samtalspartner var Wenche Willumsen. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.html

Under sextiotalet organiserar sig psykiatrins patienter i det som ska bli RSMH. Samtidigt pågick processen med att stänga de stora psykiska institutionerna i Sverige. I det här programmet möter vi tre överlevare med erfarenhet av psykiatrin och kamratstödet i föreningen.

Berman-Bieler, Rosangela. "Inter-American Institute on Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/berman-bieler.html

Berrol, Sheldon. 1979. "The Role of the Able-Bodied Professional." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/berrol.html

Sheldon Berrol notes that the success of the independent living movement, in contrast to a rehabilitation or medical approach to disability, is due to the creation and nurturing of the movement by the disabled community. The role of the able bodied professional working with disabled people is to provide services, be active advocates, share skills, and provide training while allowing the direction of the Independent Living Program to come from within the disabled community.

Bhandari, Avinash. 1992. "Introducing accessibility legislation for architects and planners in Mauritius." In: "Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-18, 1992." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare2.html.

Avinash Bhandari, of the Ministry of Works in Mauritius, describes features to be included in the construction of buildings in order to ensure accessibility and safety for as broad a segment of the population as possible. He outlines the current state of accessibility in Mauritius and how it could be improved.

Blomkvist, Henry. 1993. "STIL:s roll i Nacka kommuns kundvalssystem." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#7 (In Swedish.)

Bollard, Joe. 2003-09. "ENIL’s Strasbourg Freedom Drive 2003." Lyssna-MP3-engelska (30:28 minuter, 28,6 MB), lyssna-RealAudio-engelska, download-RealAudio-engelska (4.6 MB). Programmet i text | In English (PDF-English, 35 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.rm, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.pdf, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309sv.html, och www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.html

I september 2003 samlades nittio assistansbrukare från ENIL, det europeiska nätverket för Independent Living, i Strasbourg och marscherade till Europaparlamentets byggnad för att presentera sina viktigaste krav (se www.enil.eu.com/sfd/8demands.htm) för att personer som behöver personlig assistans ska kunna delta på lika villkor i samhället. Producent är den synskadade Joe Bollard från Dublin. Original titel "Nothing about us without us!" Översättning av Eva Linderoth.

Bollard, Joe. 2003-09. "ENIL’s Strasbourg Freedom Drive 2003." Listen-MP3 (30:28 minuter, 28,6 MB), listen-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (4.6 MB). Programmet i text | In English (PDF-English, 35 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.rm, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.pdf, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309sv.html, och www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.html

In September 2003, ninety assistance users from ENIL, the European Independent Living Movement, converged on the European Parliament in Strasbourg to present their key demands (see http://www.enil.eu.com/sfd/8demands.htm) for the inclusion of people, who need personal assistance, in mainstream society. Joe Bollard, the producer, is from Dublin, and is blind.

Bonnie, Selina. 2002-08. "Facilitated Sexual Expression in the Independent Living Movement in Ireland." Submitted for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Disability Studies, The Department of Sociology and Social Policy,The University of Leeds. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bonnie200208.html

In her paper submitted for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Disability Studies at The University of Leeds, Bonnie Selina explores facilitated sexual expression in the Irish Independent Living Movement including how widespread facilitated sexual expression is in the Irish Independent Living movement and the legal and ethical implications of this form of assistance, particularly in the Irish social context.

Botero, Carlos. "The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Human Resources Development." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/botero.html

Carlos Botero of the Asociacion Colombiana de Personas Impedidas in Bogota, Colombia, explores the positive and negative characteristics of NGOs, the role NGOs can play in the development of human resources, and the training and action that needs to occur in order for NGOs to reach their maximal effectiveness.

Botero, Carlos. "Personalutveckling och NGO:s* roll." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/boterosv.html

Bracking, Stuart and Cowan, Ross. 1998. "It's MY life - An introduction to Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/bracking1.html

Stuart Bracking and Ross Cowan (Gateshead Council on Disability) offer definitions and examples of the concepts independent living, personal assistance, and disability, comparing the medical and social models.

Bracking, Stuart and Cowan, Ross. 1988. "Using a home care agency - A question and answer guide for Disabled people." (PDF, 52 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/bracking98.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/bracking98.pdf

An introduction to personal assistance for people with disabilities, including definitions and dozens of practical questions with straight-forward answers.

Breisky, Karen. 1999. "The ABCs of hiring PCAs." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/breisky99.html

Personal care attendant work pays little, and much of the work is menial - so the search for caring, competent, reliable people is arduous. Karen Breisky refers to her own experiences in offering tips for hiring assistants.

Brichtová, Lydia. 1998-08-24. "Independent Living and proposed Slovak social reforms." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr8.html

Lydia Brichtová speaks about the changes adopted in social/disability legislation since 1989.

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News. 1999-02-16. "Health - Euthanasia controls failing." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bbc990216.html

Brown, Steven E. 1992. "Creating a Disability Mythology." First published in International Journal Of Rehabilitation Research, Winter 1992. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown92a.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, attempted to reframe how people think about the history of disability and current notions about disability pride.

Brown, Steven E. 1995. "A Celebration of Diversity: An Introductory, Annotated Bibliography about Disability Culture." In: Disability Studies Quarterly 15 (4), (Fall 1995), 36-55. (PDF, 125 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown95a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown95a.pdf

According to Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, the idea of disability culture has gained momentum in the early 1990s leading to many examples of the culture in articles, books, music, and film. This is an annotated description of those Brown believes are most significant.

Brown, Steven E. 1995. "I Was Born (in a Hospital Bed) -- When I Was Thirty-One Years Old." First published in "Disability & Society," 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown95c.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, gave a speech, later reworked into an article, in which he describes how he came to accept and even take pride in his status as a person with a disability and a disability activist, as well as other life activities, such as being a parent.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "Disability Culture: A Fact Sheet." (Las Cruces, NM: Institute on Disability Culture, 1996). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96a.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, briefly describes the history and themes of disability culture.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "We Are Who We Are: So Who Are We? Musings on the definition of disability culture." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, August 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96b.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, provides a short definition of disability culture and places the difficulty of definitions in the context of power struggles.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "Book Review - Deviants, Invalids, and Anthropologists: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Conditions of Disability in One Academic Discipline: A Review of Disability and Culture." Disability and Rehabilitation: An international, multidisciplinary journal, First published in May 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96d.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, critically reviewed the book Disability and Culture, edited by Benedicte Ingstad and Susan Reynolds Whyte.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "Super Duper? The (Unfortunate) Ascendancy of Christopher Reeve." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, October 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96c.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, compiled a discussion prompted by the invitation of Christopher Reeve, the actor who became quadriplegic, to speak at the 1996 Democratic Presidential Convention in the USA.

Brown, Steven E. 1997. "Movie Stars and Sensuous Scars." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, February 1997. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97a.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, discusses love and sexuality in an autobiographical article.

Brown, Steven E. 1997. "Dis-ing Definitions." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of The Able-Disabled, August 1997. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97b.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, attempted to reframe how people think the language and status of disability.

Brown, Steven E. 1997. "Oh, Don't You Envy Us Our Privileged Lives?" (PDF, 62 KB; Word, RTF, 73 KB.) A Review Of The Disability Culture Movement." First published in "Disability & Rehabilitation, August 1997. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.html, www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.doc

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, reviewed the history of disability culture and its artifacts.

Brown, Steven E. 1998. "'Poster Kids No More:' Perspectives About the No-Longer Emerging (In Fact, Vibrant) Disability Culture." In: Disability Studies Quarterly, 18(1) (Winter 1998), 5-19. (PDF, 160 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98a.pdf

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, takes an opportunity to review a decade of investigating and promoting disability culture. This piece quotes liberally from previous Brown publications, and attempts to put into perspective both opinions that challenge the concept of a disability culture and those that support it.

Brown, Steven E. 1998. "In Freedom, Frank." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, June/July 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98b.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, describes the life and work of Frank Moore, a Berkeley, California, USA performance artist with cerebral palsy.

Brown, Steven E. Fall 1998. "What Happened To Architectural Accessibility?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/brown1_00.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, discusses the issue of architectural accessibility and wonders why this so-called easy aspect of accessibility can still be so difficult to find and why more people aren’t talking about and taking action to increase architectural accessibility.

Brown, Steven E. 1999. "Institutional Madness: Speaking out against institutionalism." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/brown1.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown speaks out on instituionalism: "No one I know who has lived in a nursing home wanted to stay there. Institutions by their very nature constrict freedom; suppress life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Brown, Steven E. 1999. "The Curb Ramps of Kalamazoo: Discovering Our UnrecordedHistory." In: Disability Studies Quarterly, 19 (3), (Summer 1999), 203-05. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown99a.html.

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, learned by accident of a city program to implement curb cuts in Kalamazoo, Michigan in the U.S. in the mid-1940s. This is the story of how that occurred.

Brown, Steven E. 2000. "Zona and Ed Roberts: Twentieth Century Pioneers." In: Disability Studies Quarterly 20 (1)(Winter 2000), 26-42. (PDF, 129 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown00a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown00a.pdf (129 KB.)

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, has written a biographical description of two disability rights pioneers. Many people know the history and legacy of Ed Roberts, but far fewer realize the impact of his mother, Zona, and her own contributions apart from Ed to the disability rights movement. This is their story.

Brown, Steven E. 2007-05-31. “The Pursuit of Radical Change: Perceptions and Realities of the Americans with Disabilities Act.” Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brown20070531.html

Brown, Steven E, and Gonzales Brown, Lillian. 1995. "Death & Life." First published in "Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled," September 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/blake95.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown and Gonzales Brown, Co-Founders of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, has written a biographical description of a friend Danny Blake, who lives with Cerebral Palsy and AIDS and provides a cogent analysis of living and dying with a disability.

Brozek, Dorothea, Vienna Personal Assistance Cooperative. 2004-09a. "The Austrian Long-term Care Insurance." Document for the ECEPA Project. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409a.html

Brozek, Dorothea, Wiener Assistenzgenossenschaft. 2004-09a. "Die Österreichische Pflegevorsorge“. Dokument in Rahmen des ECEPA Projekts. Internet Veröffentlichung URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409a-de.html (In German.)

Brozek, Dorothea, Vienna Personal Assistance Cooperative. 2004-09b. "Guidelines to promote Personal Assistance at the workplace." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409b.html

Brozek, Dorothea, Wiener Assistenzgenossenschaft. 2004-09b. "Richtlinien zur Förderung der Persönlichen Assistenz am Arbeitsplatz." Internet Veröffentlichung URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409b-de.html (In German.)

Buses for All (Europe). "Buses for All (Europe) - A Brief Presentation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/busforall.html

Bush, George. 2001-07-06. "Executive Order: Community-Based Alternatives for Individuals with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gb010618.html

On June 18, 2001 US President Bush issued an Executive Order to swiftly implement the Supreme Court decision and help individuals with disabilities move into the community.

Byrnes, Andrew. 2000-11. "Disability rights and human rights: plunging into the 'mainstream'?" (PDF, 184 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 5. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/byrnes00.pdf. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Andrew Byrnes, of the Faculty of Law at The University of Hong Kong, writes that disability issues are for the most part treated as social issues instead of mainstream human rights issues, similar to women’s rights issues fifteen years ago. He outlines ways in which disability rights issues can be moved onto a more prominent place on the international human rights agenda. He also outlines gains which have already been made as a result of these efforts.

Campbell, Jane. 2003-05-26. "Get A Life! - Euthanasia and human value." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell20030526.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, points out in this presentation at STIL in Stockholm that, "The normal response to suicidal depression is to treat the depression, not to push the person off the bridge!"

Campbell, Jane. 2003-05-23. "Building an Independent Living organisation fit for the twenty first century. Underpinning organisational development with empowering principals." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell20030523.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, contemplates the future of Independent Living organisations, including work together with non-disabled persons (which she calls, "the mutuality route.") She concludes, "our independent living organisations to be fit for the 21st century we must have principles of: full inclusion, valuing diversity, equality of opportunity, human rights, civil rights, and citizenship."

Campbell, Jane. 2002. "Think Piece - 'Sticks and Stones' But words are hurting!" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell2002a.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, discusses the importance of language and particular words.

Campbell, Jane. 2001-11-09. "Valuing Diversity: The Disability Agenda - We’ve Only Just Begun." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell20011109.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, presented this paper at the Bristol University Centenary Celebration on 9th November 2001, as part of their series of lectures on Valuing Diversity. She concludes, amongst other things that, "Well firstly we have to acknowledge that independent living is a human rights issue. Secondly, society has to learn not to retreat from the nettle even though it causes pain. The voice of the so-called radicals that dare to tell it how it is must not be dismissed."

Campbell, Jane. 1996. "‘Growing Pains,’ Disability Politics - The journey explained and described." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell1996.html

The author attempts to shed some light on the complex and often quite hidden political process of the Disabled Persons Movement over the past 30 years. She concludes, "The development of the social model and its journey into the very fabric of our communities through social, political and economic infrastructures, gives the disability movement the authority to say we have emerged."

Campos, Art. 1993-05-13. "John Hessler, Pioneer in Independence for Disabled People, Dies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/campos93.html

John Hessler revolutionized the US's attitudes toward disabled people - first by entering the University of California, Berkeley, and later by helping create the Center for Independent Living.

Carleton, Gwen. 1999. "Making Technology Accessible To All." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/gwencarleton.html

Universal design in Information Technology is slowly becoming standard in the industry.

Carter QC, The Hon William. 2000-08-24. "Sydney Olympics 2000 Website Accessibility Decision: Bruce Lindsay Maguire vs Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games: Reasons for Decision of the Hon. William Carter QC, Inquiry Commissioner." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/sydney-olympics-blind-accessibility-decision.html

Sydney Olympics organizers were taken to court for having an inaccessible Website, which is in violation of the Australian Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, and lost the case.

Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Bosnia-Herzegovina. 2002. "Activist Handbook." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/crs-activist-handbook.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/crs-activist-handbook.pdf (PDF, 526 KB).

Cavallo, Pamela ES. 1998. "Obtaining Personal Assistance." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/msguide.html

This guide considers independence, dependence, and interdependence for those seeking personal assistance services. It addresses needs assessment, recruiting, interviewing, and other practical aspects of attendant care.

Center for Independent Living. 1996-06. "Demand for Social Security Measures by Independent Living Association in Japan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/cil-japan199606.html

Champagne, Jean-Remi. 1987. "Canadian Action on Handicapping Environments." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibprague5.html

Canada has made considerable progress in developing barrier-free environments, and human rights legislation now contains anti-discriminatory clauses which protect disabled persons, thereby providing opportunities for equal access to shelter, employment, goods and services.

Charen, Mona. 1999-04-29. "Kevorkian's death crusade finally stopped." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/charen19990429.html

Chizima, Febby. 1992. "Accessibility legislation in Zambia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare4.html

Febby Chizima, of ZAFOD in Lusaka, Zambia, outlines the lack of accessibility in Zambia in public buildings, housing, and street environments. The need for awareness and legislation in these areas is also discussed.

Christophersen, Jon. 1991. "Accessibility legislation - 1991." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest4.html

Jon Christophersen, of the Building Research Institute in Norway, describes accessibility legislation, implementation, incentives for implementation and problems encountered in Norway. Two studies were carried out, one concerning access legislation in the building regulations and the other concerning life-span dwelling criteria. The results showed that accessibility in Norway could be improved through better workmanship and better control on site, improved legislation, and changing building practice.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1984-04-10. "Report of the International Expert Seminar Building Concept for the Handicapped Stockholm, Sweden." (PDF, 92 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm.pdf

CIB is the abbreviation of the French title of the International council for Building Research, Studies and Documentation. This portion of the report of the International Expert Seminar on Building Concept for the Handicapped in Stockholm in 1984 includes: a table of contents with links to individual presentations; and presentations by Mr. Bengt Lindqvist, Member of the Swedish Parliament, Chairman of the Central Committee of Organizations of the Disabled in Sweden, and by Professor Sven Thiberg, coordinating chairman of CIB/W 84 (the working commission).

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1987-10-15. "Report of the Second International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Renewal of Inner Cities, Prague." (PDF, 311 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibprague1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibprague.pdf

This portion of the report of the Second International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Renewal of Inner Cities held in Prague in 1987, includes: a table of contents with links to individual presentations; an introduction of the history and future directions of CIB W84 (the working commission) by Sven Thiberg the seminar Coordinator and Adolf D. Ratzka, the Associate Coordinator; a note on language used; the opening address by Dr. Rudolf Hegenbart; and an introduction to the themes of the seminar by Adolf D. Ratzka.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1988-09-10. "Report of the Third International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Accessibility Issues in Developing Countries, Tokyo." (PDF, 146 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibtokyo1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibtokyo.pdf

This portion of the report of the Third International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Accessibility Issues in Developing Countries held in Tokyo in 1988, includes: a table of contents with links to individual presentations; a preface by the editor of the report, Adolf D. Ratzka, Ph.D., outlining the concepts of accessibility and Independent Living; a presentation of the organizers of the seminar; and opening statements by Dr. Yasumi Yoshitake, Chairman of the Executive Committee, Architectural Institute of Japan, by Professor Sven Thiberg, the CIB W84 Coordinator, and by Dr. Mickey Milner, Immediate Past Chairman of ICTA, International Commission on Technical Aids, Building and Transportation.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1991-09-02. "Report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, Budapest, Hungary." (PDF, 339 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest.pdf

This portion of the report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions held in Budapest, Hungary in 1991 includes a table of contents with links to session summaries and papers, a presentation of the organizers, and opening addresses by Professor Dr. Gy. Sebestyén, Secretary General, CIB, and Dr. Pál Gadó, Host Organizer, MEOSZ, Budapest, Hungary.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1992-01-16. "Report of the Fifth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, Harare, Zimbabwe." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare1.html

This portion of the report from the Fifth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, held in Harare, Zimbabwe, includes a table of contents with links to papers and discussions, a presentation of the organizers, and opening addresses by the Hon. F.L. Chitauro, Dep. Minister of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Zimbabwe, by Mr. Alexander Phiri, Chairperson, Zimbabwe Federation of Disabled, and by Professor Sven Thiberg, CIB W84 Coordinator, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1993. "About CIB, and Contents of Documents." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/index.html

This document presents the objectives, membership parameters, and activities of CIB, which stands for an abbreviation of the French title of the International Council for Building Research, Studies and Documentation, as well as links to proceedings from the six international CIB seminars.

Claesson Wästberg, Inger. 1998. "HandikappombudsmanInledning på Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr1.html (In Swedish.)

Clare, Elizabeth. 1999. "Exile and Pride: Disability, Queerness, and Liberation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/clare99.html

This book by Eli Clare, explores the landscape of disability, class, queerness, and child abuse, telling stories that echo with the sounds of an Oregon logging and fishing town, and with the lively political debates of crip crusaders and transgender warriors.

Clarke, Dr. Angus. 1998. "Issues Arising from Genetics - Genetics and Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics2.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

In his presentation Dr. Angus Clarke, of the Institute of Medical Genetics at the University of Wales College of Medicine, discusses issues raised by genetics in disability, outlines the uses of genetic testing and his concerns about how it is developing, as well as the different uses for genetics in general and with regard to reproductive screening, and the problems surrounding this issue.

Cohen, Neville. 1992. "Accessibility in South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare5.html

Neville Cohen, of Chairman Industries in South Africa, notes in his paper that access and disability are broad terms, and that three steps should be taken prior to applying for legislation: to define requirements, to select a knowledgeable task force, and to locate influential advocates in the community. A history of building regulations in South Africa is given, followed by questions and answers concerning accessibility and national and cultural differences.

Coleman, Diane. 1999-01-25. "A serial killer of disabled people, out on the streets - Will Jack Kevorkian be convicted?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Kevorkian.html

The courts of Michigan are preparing to send a worldwide message about the euthanasia of people with disabilities. Will Jack Kevorkian be convicted and imprisoned? Or will he be acquitted once more, never to be charged again?

Concepts of Independence, Inc. "Patient Managed Home Care Programs Serving Self-Directing Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/conceptsinfo.html

Concepts of Independence, Inc. "Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Guide." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/conceptsmanual.html

Concrete Change. 1998. "United Kingdom Single Family Access Law." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/concrete-change1998.html

Connally, Patrick Wm. Spring 1999. "Singer/Crips/Animals." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/conn1_00.html

Patrick William Connally, visionary, (Disability Rights, Enforcement, Education, Services) DREES President and founder, discusses the controversy over the appointment of Peter Singer, author of "Practical Ethics," to a teaching position at Princeton University. According to Connally, Singer seems to support euthanasia for new born babies with disabilities. Connally discusses the morals and values concerning this issue, providing a historical perspective as well as a strong negative to Singer’s ideas.

Corcoran, Maurice. 2000. "Accessibility for All: The Australian Experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/corcoran2000.html

Maurice Corcoran’s article is an example and encouragement for the movement for Buses For All in other countries. In it, he traces the history leading up to the milestone decision of October 12, 2000 by the Australian Federal Cabinet, requiring all intra-city buses to be of low-floor type using boarding aids for wheelchair users in the form of ramps.

Council of Europe. 1992. "Recommendation No. R(92)6 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on a Coherent policy for people with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coe92r6.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States in such areas as: education, vocational training, employment, social integration, etc. This recommendation was adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 9 April 1992 at the 474th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.

Council of Europe. 1993. "Integration of People with Disabilities: Accessibility - Universal Design." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coeacc.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States and is currently preparing revolutionary accessibility guidelines: a specific recommendation to incorporate the principles of Universal Design (design that responds equally to the needs of everyone), including accessibility, into the curricula of all vocations that work on the built environment.

Council of Europe. 1996. "Integration of People with Disabilities: Employment of persons with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coeempl.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States and this report outlines past and current work and relevant publications in the area of employment of persons with disabilities. Their activities in the field of employment aim at completing or enlarging the provisions of Recommendation No. R (92) 6 on a coherent policy for people with disabilities.

Council of Europe. 1996. "Recommendation No. R(96)5 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Reconciling Work and Family Life." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coe96r5.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States in such areas as: education, vocational training, employment, social integration, etc. This recommendation was adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 June 1996 at the 569th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.

Council of Europe. 1999. "Integration of People with Disabilities: Discrimination." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coedisc.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States. With the knowledge that governments follow different approaches to achieve equal opportunity policies, the Council of Europe established a Working Group in November 1996 to elaborate a collection and comparative analysis of legislation against discrimination of persons with disabilities in member States. The final report will be published in autumn 1999.

Council of the European Union. 1997. "Directive 2000/ /EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union." Interinstitutional File: 1997/0176 (COD), Brussels, (OR. en) 9012/00 LIMITE ENT 75 CODEC 413. 153 pp. Internet publication URL: Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/eu97bus.pdf (570 KB).

Cowan, Ross and Watson, Bob. 1997. " What do I want to do? a DIY guide to self-assessment for Disabled people." (PDF, 44 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/gateshead1.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/gateshead1.pdf

This Gateshead Personal Assistance Pilot Project quide provides information and advice to disabled people who wish to live independently by using personal assistance. The Guide focusses on assessing your needs.

Cowan, Ross and Watson, Bob. 1997. "Vad vill jag göra? En DIY (do it yourself, "gör det själv") manual/guide till självbedömning för personer med funktionsnedsättning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/gateshead1b.html (In Swedish.)

This Gateshead Personal Assistance Pilot Project quide provides information and advice to disabled people who wish to live independently by using personal assistance. The Guide focusses on assessing your needs.

Crescendo, Johnny. 1993. "The Ballad of Josie Evans." First published in 1993. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/evans93.html

An eloquent, heart-wrenching story of a woman who is abandoned by her government and everyone else to a solitary, but dignified, life and death in a nursing home.

Creurer, Michael. 1998. "Book Review: Changing Lanes... A guide to help when aging, illness or disability forces us into the Slow Lane." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/rogers.html

Michael Creurer offers valuable psycho-educational concepts combined with narratives about the author and his disabled peers.

Csorba, Zoltán. 1991. "Classification of the environment - 1991." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest5.html

In his report at the CIB seminar in 1991, Zoltán Csorba from the Mayor's Office in Budapest, Hungary describes action taken by the government to build homes for persons with disabilities in conjunction with the International Year of Disabled Persons and the various reasons why this initiative did not continue. He outlines a system of classification of the environment which could be used in the formulation of international recommendations which could in turn serve as a basis for legislation to promote the creation of non-handicapping environments and homes in former socialist states.

Cummings, Betsy. 2000-05. "Gaining Entry." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/cummings2000.html

Betsy Cummings examines the problems facing people with disabilities in hotels, conference centers, and public buildings worldwide, by analyzing the policies of a sample of countries on different continents.

Cunningham-Burley, Dr. Sarah. 1998. "Issues Arising from Quality of Life." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics3.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

In her presentation, Dr. Sarah Cunningham-Burley, from the Department of Public Health, University of Edinburgh, looked at the way in which quality of life issues are affecting medical decisions, including decisions about genetic testing, and related this to a study of how the general public views these issues.

Curtis, Bruce. 1980. "The need for Independent Living programs: an historical context and summary of progressive independent living services." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/curtisbneed.html

In this early article, Bruce Curtis, of the Technical Assistance Project, Center for Independent Living in Berkeley, California, traces the history of forced dependency and institutionalization which has and often continues to be the lot of disabled persons. Basic denial of disabled people’s human and civil rights led to the 1972 establishment of the Center for Independent Living in 1972 in Berkeley – a rights advocacy and service organization developed by and for disabled people. Curtis outlines the various components of the center’s activities.

Curtis, Charles. 1984-04. "The changing role of the People First advisor." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools29.html

People First is a self-advocacy organization operated by and for people with mental (intellectual) handicaps, with help from non-voting, non-disabled advisors. People First philosophy envisages a time when local chapters can function without full-time advisors, using only temporary help as needed. Curtis describes qualities of "good" advisors who are able to give leadership without taking control and problems which may arise with advisors from agency/institution staffs, who often hold traditional views and may be overprotective.

Daneshpour, Zohereh A. and Toumeh F.M., Arbel. 1991. "A socio-physical study towards building barrier-free urban environment in Iran." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest31.html

The Iranian five year National Development plan (from 1989-1994) includes "renovation of the overall urban environments towards the needs of the disabled." This paper by Zohereh A. Daneshpour and Arbel Toumeh F.M., of the DBRE Research Center in Tehran, Iran, is part of a research study included in the plan and describes how a case study area in Tehran was selected and analyzed in terms of existing problem areas for disabled persons in the urban environment.

Dart, Justin. 1999-04. "Speaking on the value of human life." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/dart99a.html

Disability activist, Justin Dart, condemns the appointment and ethics of Princeton's Bioethics professor, Dr. Peter Singer.

D'Aubin, April. "Power to the people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3a.html

In Canada people with disabilities are giving power to themselves - personal empowerment - through their activities in Independent Living centers (ILCs).

D'Aubin, April. "Soweto's Self-Help Factory: An Empowerment Lesson." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2597442

D'Aubin, April. "The Power of the Pen: Empowering Words." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2559192

Davidovich, Nathan. 1996. "Disability Discrimination in the Workplace." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/EmployDiscrim.html

Despite increased sensitivity to physical and mental disabilities, many of America's workers find themselves to be victims of employment discrimination due to their disability.

Degener Dr. Theresia. 1998. "The Global Picture and the European Situation Regarding Bioethics and Genetic Engineering." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics4.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

This article is an account of a presentation at the 1998 "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people" by Dr. Theresia Degener, legal adviser to the German Council of Centres for Self-Determined Living and lecturer at the Universities of Frankfurt, Mainz and Leipzig. In her presentation, Dr. Degener advanced a theory that bioethics is incompatible with human rights philosophy. She also discusses how existing international standards with regard to human rights including The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Nuremberg Code (1947) are undermined by the draft UNESCO Declaration on Bio-ethics and Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and Bio-Medicine, both of which were designed to protect freedom of research.

DeJong, Gerben. "Independent Living as a state of mind." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools38.html

Gerben DeJong’s article is an excerpt from his study entitled "The Influence of Environmental Barriers On Independent Living Outcomes." He discusses how Independent Living offers a perspective that is unique to the analysis of disability issues and outcomes by shifting the focus of disability policy and research for physically impaired from limitations and rehabilitation to include a wide variety of environmental barriers that need to be removed to enable disabled persons to participate fully in community life.

DeJong, Gerben. 1988. "The challenge of middle age for the Independent Living Movement." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3c.html

Early in the movement, persons with physical disabilities wanted to be viewed as competent, self-directed, and capable of managing their own lives. Persons whose capacity for self-direction had been compromised threatened that image of competence.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK. 1998-05-15. "Government Consults on Rail Accessibility - Press Notice: 372/ Transport." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/transnews.html

Press release (London, England) - Trains and trams entering service after 31 December 1998 will be fully accessible.

Derksen, Jim. 1980. "The Disabled Consumer Movement: Policy Implications for Rehabilitation Service Provisions." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/derksen1980.html

de Vylder, Stefan. 2002-12. "Taxi för alla - en rapport om ekonomiska aspekter på en pilotverksamhet i Stockholm med taxi för människor med funktionshinder." Internet publikation URLs: www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder200212.pdf (PDF, 72 KB) och www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder200212.doc (Word format, 115 KB) (In Swedish).

de Vylder, Stefan. 2003-03. "Taxi för alla-projektets utvärdering - ekonomisk sammanfattning." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder200303.html (In Swedish).

de Vylder, Stefan. 2003-06-16. "Rullstolstaxi – bättre och billigare." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder20030616.html (In Swedish).

Dhlamini, Phillip. 1992-01. "Swaziland National Association of the Disabled." In: Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-18, 1992. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare6.html.

Phillip Dhlamini of Swaziland briefly reports about progress being made by the Swaziland National Association of the Disabled. The organization was officially registered as an organization of disabled people in 1991. Drafted legislation is given pertaining to accessibility, human rights, equal opportunities, and Independent Living.

Digh, Patricia. 1999. "Misplaced Modifiers: Respectful Language Improves Accuracy." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/digh.html

Print and broadcast media often describe people with disabilities with archaic and demeaning phrases. Patricia Digh provides guidelines for writing about people with disabilities.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "About Disability Awareness in Action." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa-about.html

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA) is an international public education campaign to promote, support and coordinate national action to further the objectives of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992) and the World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons (WPA). DAA is a partnership between the following organizations: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI), IMPACT, International League of Societies of Persons with Mental Handicap (ILSMH), Rehabilitation International (RI), and World Federation of the Deaf (WFD).

Disability Awareness in Action (Kampanjen för medvetenhet om funktionshinder). 1996. "Kampanjen om funktionshinder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa-aboutsv.html

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 1, Media Information." (PDF, 49 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit1.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa1.pdf

DAA's Media Information Resource Kit helps to change the structures of society and attitudes, and to support your cause through traditional media.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 2, Consultation and Influence." (PDF, 146 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit21.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa2.pdf

DAA's Consultation and Influence Resource Kit helps to unite organisations as advocates for their own rights to influence decision-makers in governments and all sectors of society.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. " Resource Kit No. 3, Campaigns." (PDF, 103 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit31.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa3.pdf

DAA's Campaigns Resource Kit offers ideas for campaigns, things to be considered if you are to run a successful campaign and some real-life examples.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 4, Organisation Building." (PDF, 137 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit41.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa4.pdf

DAA's Organisation Building Resource Kit looks at how organisations of disabled people can improve their structures and the way they work.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 5, Fund-Raising." (PDF, 65 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit51.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa5.pdf

DAA's Fund-Raising Resource Kit gives ideas about your disability organisation's funding strategy - how to raise and use money effectively.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 6, Disabled Women." (PDF, 61 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit61.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa6.pdf

DAA's Disabled Women Resource Kit focuses on the social status of disabled women, comments on representation and empowerment, and looks at the women's movement in the context of disabled women's issues.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 2000-02. "Disability Tribune, Special Issue-Disability and bioethics." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa200002.html

The manual contains a definition of biotechnology, its proposed uses, its regulation, a list of related sites, and a discussion of health inequality as a result of economic inequality in relation to the issue of biotechnology.

Disability Intergroup. 2001-02-16. "Press Release: Disabled People to Finally Catch the Bus - Victory for Disabled People on Bus and Coach Directive." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pr20010216.html

All newly purchased buses throughout the European Union must be fully accessible to people with disabilities according to the Directive. This was the result of nine years of campaigning by disabled people, together with the Disability Intergroup of the European Parliament.

Disability Net 2000. 2000-10-23. "Buses for All (Europe), Briefing." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/buses3.html

A briefing outlining the Australian government’s plans to improve transportation accessibility for disabled people. Other briefings from the year 2000 detail the progress and problems of the EU Bus and Coach Directive and a campaign by the action group, Buses for All (Europe), to make buses accessible for all people with disabilities.

Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund. 1992. "Excerpts from Preserving disability civil rights: a step-by-step guide to taking action." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools13b.html

This excerpt from the Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund (located in Berkeley, California) civil rights action manual is concerned with the need to make the public aware of your issue and the different ways in which this can be done.

Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund. 1992. "Utdrag ur: Att skydda medborgerliga rättigheter: en steg-för-steg handledning i hur man kan vidta åtgärder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools13bsv.html (In Swedish.)

Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) Europe. 2000. "The Right to Live and be Different." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpi022000.html

In February 2000, 130 disabled people in twenty-seven countries discussed bioethics and human rights, and it is with pride that we make the following declaration.

Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) Europe. 2000. "Rätten att leva och att vara annorlunda." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpi022000sv.html (In Swedish.)

Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

Summaries of papers on Genetics & Bioetheics at the DPI Seminar. Presentations given by, Dr. Angus Clarke, Dr. Sarah Cunningham, and Dr. Theresia Degener, followed by an open debate.

Doe, Tanis. 1998. "Definitioner av Independent Living (IL) världen över." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/doe1998.html (In Swedish.)

En av de primära grundsatserna av IL filosofin är att sociala problem inte stammar från funktionsnedsättningen hos individen utan från samhällets misslyckande i att möta samhällsmedborgarnas behov. (In Swedish.)

DO-IT. 1998. "The University of Washington, Access To Higher Learning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/doit1998.html

This guide outlines universal design principles to develop accessible college and university computer labs.

Doty, Pamela J. 1998. "An Experiment in Consumer-Directed Personal Assistance Services." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar398.html

The "Cash and Counseling" Demonstration/Evaluation is a large-scale public policy experiment designed to test the feasibility and assess a consumer-directed approach to the financing and delivery of personal assistance services (PAS).

Driedger, Diane and D'Aubin, April. 1991-04. "Literacy for Whom: Women with Disabilities Marginalized." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2569237

Disabled people, particularly disabled women, must be given specific consideration within the learner population. Literacy is both a gender issue and a disability issue.

Driedger, Diane. "COPOH's International Involvements." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2599921

The author outlines the international activities of the Coalition of Provincial Organizations of the Handicapped (COPOH). She goes on to present the work of Disabled Peoples' International (DPI), an organization of people with physical, mental, and emotional disabilities which has consultative status with the United Nations, International Labor Organization, and UNESCO.

Driedger, Diane. 1987. "Disabled Peoples' International." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2601143

DPI has been successful in airing human rights violations against disabled people at the United Nations Human Rights Commission. The organization has obtained consultative status with the United Nations, International Labor Organization, and UNESCO.

Driedger, Diane. 1989. "Disabled Women Meet." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2574945

Disabled women from 12 Caribbean countries, Canada and the U.S. gathered in Dominica July 18 - 22, 1988 to share with each other and to identify and to develop leadership skills. The women were there for a Disabled Women in Development Seminar.

Driedger, Diane (ed.). 1991 "Disabled People in International Development." (PDF, 78 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev.pdf

This booklet is presented to create an increasing awareness of disabled persons in the development process for both the disabled persons community and non-governmental organizations involved in international development.

Driedger, Diane (ed.). 1991 "Människor med funktionsnedsättning och internationell utveckling."Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1sv.html (In Swedish.)

Driedger, Diane and D'Aubin, April. "So you want to start an Independent Living centre? A Winnipeg case study." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/driedger-wpg1.html

Diane Driedger and April D'Aubin, residents of Winnipeg, and involved with the Winnipeg Independent Living Resource Centre, present a history of Independent Living, Canadian initiatives, and step by step instructions on how to form an Independent Living Centre using the Winnipeg Independent Living Resource Centre as a case study.

Dube, A.K. 1990. "What Do We Mean by Development?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2588890

A.K. Dube of the Southern Africa Federation of the Disabled (SAFOD) Regional Development Officer discusses features of the development-underdevelopment process as it relates to disabled people and their organizations. He notes that people can only liberate or develop themselves if they are able to identify the forces that constrain or oppress them.

Dube, A.K. 1990. "Vad menar vi med utveckling?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2588890

Dunn, Peter A. 1990. "The Economic, Social, and Environmental Obstacles Which Seniors with disabilities confront in Canada." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/dunn1990a.html

This paper describes and analyzes the economic, environmental and attitudinal factors that create barriers which confront disabled seniors in Canada, especially those individuals with physical disabilities, and which limit their full participation in society.

Dunn, Peter A. 1991. "Accessible housing legislation and policies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest6.html

This paper focuses on the range of policy and legislative issues which need to be tackled in order for countries to promote a barrier-free housing environment, while looking at housing rights and civil rights of people with disabilities.

Dunn, Peter A. 1997. "Government policy innovations and trends in barrier-free housing, accessible transportation and personal supports." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/dunn1997a.html

In this paper, Peter A. Dunn, Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Work at Wilfred Laurier University, Canada, outlines some of the provincial and territorial policies in Canada that began to incorporate independent living (IL) principles during the UN Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992). It focuses upon three areas: barrier-free housing, accessible transportation and attendant services/ personal supports.

Dunn, Peter A. 1997. "A Comparative Analysis of Barrier-Free Housing: Policies for Elderly People in the United States and Canada." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/dunn1997b.html

This paper identifies policy issues in creating barrier free housing for elderly people with disabilities in the United States and Canada. The strengths and weaknesses of a variety of policy approaches are contrasted. The approach in the United States which emphasizes individual housing rights is compared to the more social welfare approach used in Canada.

duToit, Mike. 1989-12. "Self Help Association of Paraplegics, SHAP, Republic of South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools31.html

This article describes the experience and success of SHAP, which was launched in 1981 by a group of unemployed Soweto paraplegics. They decided to operate a factory employing only disabled people, doing work on a subcontract basis for industry. By 1989 the factory employed 130 disabled people.

Duyvendak, J.W. and Melief, W.B.A.M. 2001. "Pioneering Personal Assistance in Slovenia: An Evaluation of the YHD Pilot Project on Personal Assistance in Slovenia". Unpublished evaluation commissioned by YHD, Ljubljana, Slovenia. (PDF, 150 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/duve2001.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/duve2001.pdf

YHD-Association for Theory and Culture of Disability, an organization run by and for people with disabilities and subscribing to the Independent Living philosophy, started a pilot project in Ljubljana with personal assistance for de-institutionalization and equal opportunities of assistance users.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 1991. "Self-Help Organizations of Disabled Persons." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap1991.html

The preparation of this Internet publication, "Self-Help Organizations of Disabled Persons," is an activity of an Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) project, with the purpose of promoting and supporting the self-help movement of people with disabilities in Asia and the Pacific. Guidelines on establishing and strengthening self-help organizations of disabled persons as well as case studies of such organizations are presented.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 1995. "Promotion of Non-Handicapping Physical Environments for Disabled Persons: Guidelines." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap1995.html

As part of a series of regional initiatives to translate into action the goals and objectives of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons, ESCAP in 1993 embarked on a project to promote non-handicapping environments for persons with disabilities and elderly persons in the Asian and Pacific region. This publication of comprehensive guidelines for the promotion of non-handicapping environments is an activity under the project.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 2000. "2000 ESCAP HRD Award, Theme: HRD for the Empowerment of People with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap2000hrd.html

The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) established the ESCAP HRD Award in 1990 which is presented annually in recognition of exemplary work in the field of human resources development (HRD). The theme of the award for the year 2000 was “Empowerment of People with Disabilities.” This brochure presents a history of the award as well as eligibility requirements and application procedures.

Eilenberg, Ian M. 1991. "Australia takes tentative steps to take up the challenge of persons with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest7.html

This report by Ian M. Eilenberg, Victorian University of Technology, RMIT, Australia describes legislative steps taken in Australia to improve building regulations in order to promote accessibility and a "non-handicapping" environment.

Elmén, Bengt. 1987-01-26. "15 års erfarenhet med personlig assistans och några erfarenheter med peer counselling." Anförande vid stiftelsen solstickans pilotseminar om "meningsfull fritid för gravt handikappade ungdomar," ABF-huset, Stockholm den 26 januari 1987. Från "Stiletten" nr. 2, 1987. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/elmen87.html (In Swedish.)

Elmén, Bengt. 2007-11. "Att instruera sina assistenter". Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/assistanskoll/At-instruera-sina-assistenter.htmll (In Swedish.)

Enns, Henry. 1998-05. "Disabled Refugees." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2584506

Henry Enns, Executive Director of Disabled Peoples’ International discusses the plight of disabled refugees as a human rights issue that needs to be addressed by the UN and member states. Immigration policies in most countries discriminate against disabled refugees considering them as a “burden” and ignoring the significant contributions that disabled persons make to society.

Enns, Henry.1998-05. "Flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2584506

Enns, Henry.1998-05. "Journey to the Middle East." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2586938

This account describes the organizational efforts of disabled people encountered by Henry Enns, Executive Director of Disabled Peoples’ International and Marion Stroud, a member of the International Committee on the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC), during their visit to five countries in the Middle East. Their mission was to explore ways that MCC could support the grassroots development of disabled people in these countries.

Enns, Henry.1998-05. "Resa till Mellanösternt." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2586938

Enns, Henry. "The Role of Organizations of Disabled People: A DPI Discussion Paper." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/RoleofOrgDisPeople.html

This paper presents the many roles played by organizations of disabled people through first defining disabled peoples' organizations, describing the worldwide situation of people with disabilities, discussing the evolution of key philosophical tenets of the disabled people's movement, and finally by describing the activities of disabled peoples’ organizations.

Ericsson, Patricia och Kent. 1995-01. "Att äga sin bostad." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ericsson1995.html (In Swedish.)

Fyra män med begåvningshandikapp köpt sin egen bostad och där deras stöd förmedlas av personliga assistenter. (In Swedish.)

Ervin, Michael. 1986-04-18. "The 25 Day Siege That Brought Us 504." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ervin1986.html

On April 5, 1977, thousands of disabled people in cities all over America converged on their regional offices of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. They wanted implementation of regulations that would add significant impact to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Michael Ervin presents the reflections of three people who were involved in the actions the author deems to be the most significant event in the history of the disability rights movement.

European Commision. 1998-09-22. "Raising Employment Levels of People with Disabilities: The Common Challenge." (PDF, 39 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ec1550.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/ec1550.pdf

In the light of the European Employment Strategy, and drawing on the analysis of some key elements of the 1998 Member States' National Action Plans, this paper seeks to establish a set of fundamental policy issues concerning employment and disability.

European Council. 1996-12-20. "Community legislation in force: Resolution of the Council AND of the representatives of the govern