Annotated List of Documents in the Library by Author 

The new, sortable index and authors in the new index.

1st European Congress on Independent Living. 2003-04-26. "Tenerife Declaration - Promote Independent Living - End Discrimination against Disabled People." From the1st European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tenrife20020426en.html

The Tenerife Declaration, signed in Tenerife in April 2003, is a policy document agreed upon by four hundred participants from many European countries and calls for the European Union to implement the policies outlined in the Declaration. The Declaration calls for full and equal participation of disabled people in society through recognizing Independent Living as a fundamental right of all disabled people and implementing policies to facilitate Independent Living.

1st European Congress on Independent Living. 2003-04-26. "Manifiesto de Tenerife - Promovamos la Vida Independiente - Acabemos con la discriminación hacia las personas con discapacidad." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tenrife20020426sp.html

1st European Congress on Independent Living. 2003-04-26. "Dichiarazione di Tenerife: Promuovere la Vita Indipendente Fine della Discriminazione contro le Persone Disabili." From the1st European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tenrife20020426it.html

Abadia, Regine och Sallem, Ryadh (intervju). 2005. "Hungerstrejk för personlig assistans i Frankrike". Lyssna-MP3-svensk (28:21 minuter, 26,6 MB), Lyssna-MP3-français (29:30 minuter, 27,7 MB). Programmet i text (In English, En français). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-fr.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-sv.html, www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-en.html, och www.independentliving.org/radio/marcel-nuss-fr.html

Marcel Nuss i Strasbourg i Frankrike behöver assistans dygnet runt. Gaby, hans fru, arbetade i 20 år som hans assistent utan ledighet. Det behövdes ett sprucket äktenskap, hot om hungerstrejk och tillkomsten av en militant organisation av assistansbrukare tills regeringen i Paris kände sig tvungen att komma med en lösning.

Abdou, Safaa M. Issa. 1992. "Accessible, adaptable low-cost housing in Egypt." In: "Report of the Fifth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-18, 1992." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare9.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare1.html#anchor52685

Dr. Safaa M. Issa Abdou, from the Development and Popular Housing Co. in Cairo, Egypt, writes about the concept of adaptable design, or design which provides basic universal features easily adapted to a users’ needs. She mentions briefly a proposal for incorporating adaptable design in a low-cost housing project in Egypt and some of the problems encountered.

Abidi, Javed. 1998-12. "We (disabled people) Must Learn to Exert Ourselves." First published in Deep Shihta, Journal of the Spastics Society of Eastern India, December 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/abidi.html

According to Abidi, Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India, with 60-70 million disabled people in India, disability is clearly a social issue, a socio-economic issue, a development issue. Why then is disability not a national issue?

Abidi, Javed. 1998-12. "Vi måste lära oss att hävda oss." First published in Deep Shihta, Journal of the Spastics Society of Eastern India, December 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/abidisv.html (In Swedish.)

According to Abidi, Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India, with 60-70 million disabled people in India, disability is clearly a social issue, a socio-economic issue, a development issue. Why then is disability not a national issue?

Ahuja, Suresh C. 1989-08. "Role of Disabled Persons & Families in the Equalization of Opportunites." Presented at the International Meeting on Human Resources in the Field of Disability, Tallin, 14-22 August 1989. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ahuja.html

Disabled persons can be converted from tax consumers to tax payers, from beneficiaries to benefactors, given the opportunity for self-development and provided with equal opportunities for education, vocational training and employment.

Albert, Bill. 1998. "The New Genetics and Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/albert1998.html

Clinical genetics and genetic research have given rise to an ethical minefield. However, disabled people offer a unique perspective on the issues which may help everyone chart a safer way through.

Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Anderberg, Peter. 2007-10. "Kort om assistansberedningens delbetänkande med Stefan Pelc, egen arbetsgivare för sina assistenter". Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/anderberg200710a.html (In Swedish.)

Anderberg, Peter. 2007-10. "Assistansutredningens delbetänkande - Hårdare tag mot användare av assistans"! Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/anderberg200710b.html (In Swedish.)

Andrich, Renzo. 1999. "EUSTAT Study (Empowering Users Through Assistive Technology), Training Manuals." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/eustat99.html

EUSTAT, a European project carried out within the EU/Telematics Programme, has published educational material specifically addressed towards end-users of Assistive Technology - people with disabilities.

Annan, Kofi. 1999-12-03. "United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan's Message on the International Day of Disabled Persons." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/annan1999.html

In his message on the International Day of Disabled Persons, 3 December 1999, Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations, spoke about the theme of the day, accessibility, with a reminder that for many people with disabilities, the lack of access to essential services remains a source of discrimination and lost opportunities. Accessibility in the broadest sense of the term is a prerequisite for disabled people to enjoy equal opportunities.

Agerblad, Annika och Ratzka, Adolf. 1995-09. "Rätten till föräldraskap." En konferens arrangerad av Handikappombudsmannen och STIL, med stöd från Allmänna Arvsfonden, Stockholm 28-29 augusti 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ratt95.html (In Swedish.)

Armeni, Alain. 1991-09. "Towards general accessibility of the built environment for persons with limited mobility." In: "Report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions Budapest, Hungary, September 2-4, 1991" (PDF, 480 KB). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest2.html. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest.pdf

Alain Armeni, from the French Ministry of Housing, writes about French progress in the area of accessibility since 1966. Since 1978, new or rebuilt public buildings must be accessible for people with disabilities. In 1980 measures covering accessibility in housing were improved, with the aim of providing maximum autonomy for persons with limited mobility. These general measures, currently in force, are described the report.

Asaka, Junko. "Disability, women and love." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools25.html

Junko Asaka speaks candidly about her own experiences of being in love and being a woman with a disability, revealing how she came to terms with her own perceptions of herself.

Asaka, Junko. "Funktionsnedsättning, kvinnor och kärlek." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools25sv.html (In Swedish.)

Aslaksen, Finn; Bergh,Steinar; Bringa, Olav Rand; Heggem, Edel Kristin. 1997. "Universal Design Planning and Design for All." (PDF, 5.26 MB).The Norwegian State Council on Disability. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/nscd1997.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/nscd1997.pdf

This report attempts to develop and illustrate the concept of universal design, which opposes, ideologically and politically, all unnecessary and stigmatizing specialized solutions. The principles and definitions of universal design were developed by The Center for Universal Design, USA.

Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH) - Disability Advocacy Worldwide. 1997-12. "Resolution Opposing the Legalization of Physician Assisted Suicide." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/tash199712.html

In their 1997 resolution opposing the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH) provides a long list of reasons for their opposition to physician assisted suicide, including the negative aspects of allowing physicians to have such power, the insufficiency of proposed safeguards, and dissatisfaction with the implementation of safeguards in conjunction with euthanasia in the Netherlands.

Atanasova, Gallina. 1991-06. "Disability in Bulgaria - the necessity of higher social protection during the crisis period and the transition to a market economy." Third ENIL Seminar, Stockholm, Sweden June 1991. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilstockholmsem2.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilstockholmsem1.html

Gallina Atanassova outlines the effects that half a century of totalitarian socialism has had on the current situation of disabled people in Bulgaria. She describes the work of the Union of Disabled People in Bulgaria, a grass roots organization which advocates for the rights and needs of disabled people in Bulgaria.

Author unknown. Probable date 1997. "Bibliography: Design for Accessibility and Health." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/healthbiblio.html

A U.S.A centered bibliography of 52 publications about designing for accessibility and health, covering the period between the early 1980s and mid-1990s.

Baha’i International Community. 1998-08. "Human Rights and Disability. Statement to the fortieth session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Agenda item 7: human rights and disability. Geneva, Switzerland, August 1988." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bic199808.html

Bahn, Erik & Tina, Arkitekterne Bahn. 1991. "Waste disposal in the household - recycling systems for everyone." In: "Report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions Budapest, Hungary, September 2-4, 1991" (PDF, 480 KB). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest3.html. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest.pdf

This report, by the architects Erik & Tina Bahn, describes a project their architectural firm carried out for the Danish Building Development Board. The project was to develop and test recycling systems for waste disposal in the home which were as user-friendly and usable for as large a group of the population as possible.

Baker, Jordan. 2000-06-08. "Federal Report Recommends Making Technology Access Easier For People With Disabilities (Australia)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/baker200006.html

This article recommends strategies for helping the elderly and people with disabilities access new information technologies.

Baldwinson, Tony. "A basic guide to the EU bus and coach directive." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/baldwinson.html

Bang, Marian. 1996. "Towards a more helpful society." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/mclarenetal1996.html#anchor1

Research on assistive devices that make daily tasks easier is seen as a tool for empowering both those with disabilities and their care-givers.

Barnes, Colin. 1998-08-23. "Presentation at the Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective Stockholm, Sweden, 1998-08-23." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823g.html

In his presentation at the seminar organized by Independent Living Sweden, Stockholm, Professor Colin Barnes of the Disability Research Unit in Leeds, UK, discusses rights and conditions for disabled persons in the UK and developed countries as compared to those in developing countries. He raises questions concerning the efficacy of legislation, the concept of rights, disability as one of many forms of social oppression, how developed countries’ economic policies are responsible for disability in developing countries, the role of organizations in improving conditions for disabled people, and the importance of the right to life.

Barnes, Colin. 1998-08-24. "Discrimination and the law - the British Experience." Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Stockholm, Sweden, 1998-08-24. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr6.html

In his presentation at the seminar organized by Independent Living Sweden, Stockholm, and and the Office of the Disability Ombudsman, Professor Colin Barnes of the Disability Research Unit in Leeds, UK, describes the Disability Discrimination Act enacted in 1995 in the UK, why and how the Act came into being, and why the Act is a mistake. He notes that the result of policies in general has been to create dependence for disabled people instead of independence which is what disabled people want and have a right to.

Barnes, Colin. 2001-06. "Rethinking Care From the Perspective of Disabled People." Conference Report and Recommendations (Draft). World Health Organization Disability and Rehabilitation Team. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes200106.pdf (PDF, 112 KB).

In this report to the United Nations World Health Organization, Professor Barnes, from the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, England, recommends that member nations adopt a holistic approach that includes the introduction of policies to eliminate poverty and secure equal access to all community based services and facilities. These include medical services, education, employment, housing, transport, public amenities etc. The responsibility of national governments for introducing and financing these developments is also addressed.

Barnes, Colin. 2003. "Rehabilitation for Disabled People: a ‘sick’ joke?" Penultimate draft of an article submitted for publication in a special issue of the ‘Scandinavian Journal of Research’, Volume 5. 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes2003a.html

Professor Barnes, from the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, England argues that the relationship between disability and rehabilitation is best explained in terms of three distinct but related definitions of disability: the orthodox ‘individualistic’ medical definition, the more liberal ‘inter-relational’ account, and the ‘radical‘ socio/political interpretation commonly referred to as the ‘social model of disability’. He concludes with a brief focus on alternative strategies generated by disabled people and their organisations.

Barnes, Colin. 2003. "Independent Living, Politics and Implications." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Colin Barnes is Professor of Disability Studies and Director of the Centre for Disability Studies in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds, England. In this chapter of the book he gives a concise explanation of orthodox thinking on disability and an a different perspective developed by disabled people themselves. He then examines the concept of independent living and its impact on policy development.

Barnes, Colin. 2003-03-06. "Disability, the organization of work, and the need for change." Statement presented to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Conference ‘Transforming Disability Into Ability’, March 6th 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/barnes20030306.html

Professor Barnes, from the Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, England points out that, "regardless of their role within the 'conventional' labour market, disabled people are both producers and consumers of a vast array of services upon which many non-disabled people depend; they are, therefore, a fundamental component within this equation."

Barnes, Colin. 2007-06-05. “‘Direct Payments’ for Personal Assistants for Disabled People: a key to independent living?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/barnes20070605.html

Bartz, Elke. 1998. "Zur Lage der Assistenznehmer in Deutschland." (In German.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/bartz199802.html

Batavia, Andrew I. 1998. "Prospects for a National Personal Assistance Services Program: Enhancing Choice for People With Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/batavia1998.html

Mr. Batavia is Associate Professor, School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida. The article was published in American Rehabilitation, Volume 24, Number 4, Winter 1998, Personal Assistance Services Part 2 of 2. American Rehabilitation is the official publication of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 330 C Street S.W. Washington D.C. 20202-2531.

Batavia, Andrew I. 1998. "Utsikter för ett Nationellt Personlig program för personlig assistans: att öka valmöjligheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/batavia1998sv.html (In Swedish.)

Andrew Batavia är Associate Professor vid School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida. Artikeln, Prospects for a National Personal Assistance Services Program: Enhancing Choice for People with Disabilities, är tidigare publicerad i American Rehabilitation Volym 24, nummer 4 Vintern 1998 Personal Assistance Services del 2 av 2. American Rehabilitation är Rehabilitation Services Adminsitrations (RSA) officiella organ. Adress: 330 C Street S.W Washington D.C. 20202-2531

Batavia, Drew and Gallagher, Hugh Gregory. 1999. "Gallagher and Batavia on Physician-assisted Suicide - An Open Letter to People with Disabilities" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/gallbat.html

Hugh Gallagher and Drew Batavia clarify their position on physician-assisted suicide and people with disabilities, including a declaration of disability rights.

Bayha, Betsy. 1999. "Media's crippling coverage misses real story of disability experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/bayha1999.html

Why do the media continually use the same ill-fitting and inaccurate phrases such as "wheelchair-bound," "afflicted" and "special needs," that the disability community rejected long ago?

Beatty, Philip; Adams, Martha; and O´Day, Bonnier. "Virginia brukarstyrda personliga assistansprogram: En historik och utvärdering." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/beatty-etalsv.html

Belli, Raffaello. 1998. "Personal Assistance Legislation in Italy." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/belli1998.html

Raffaello Belli reports on various pieces of Italian legislation applying to payment of personal assistance for people with disabilites.

Belli, Raffaello. 2003-03. "Independent Living and some Italian Experiences." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/belli200303.html

Raffaello Belli presents an overview of the history of and current situation for people with disabilities in the various geographical areas in Italy with regard to the Independent Living movement and the availability of resources for Independent Living including direct payments. Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003.

Berg, Susanne. 2003-05-20. "Personal Assistance in Sweden." Plenary presentation at: Personal Assistance in Practice - A Conference Organised by the Swiss Association for Social Policy (Persönliche Assistenz in der Praxis - Eine Informationstagung der Schweizerischen Vereinigung für Sozialpolitik), Hotel Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/berg20030520.html

From the perspective of a personal assistance user, the author describes the background and development of the legislation in Sweden dealing with personal assistance through direct payment. The power issues surrounding establishment of the Stockholm Independent Living Cooperative (STIL) are also addressed.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. "Motstånd - en plikt"! Ett program om politiskt motstånd och civil olydnad, Lyssna-MP3 (26 minuter, 24,4 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Sari Nykvist, Finn Hellman, Jonas Franksson, Fredrik Larsson. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/civilolydnad2002.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/civilolydnad2002.html

Unga med funktionshinder söker sig i dag mot radikalare rörelser. Direktaktioner är det politiska verktyg de väljer och man kan konstatera att de radikala grupperingarna utanför handikappfrågornas område och de inom rörelsen följs åt till form och innehåll. Kanske kan det ses som en reaktion mot den organiserade politiken; mot dennas oförmåga att möta problemställningar och krav från olika grupper. Utomparlamentarism och civil olydnad är det som gäller.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. "Ge oss makt inte medlidande" är ett program om STIL och kampen för personlig assistans. 2004-04. Lyssna-MP3 (28:21 minuter, 26,6 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Adolf Ratzka, Helena Karnström, Bengt Elmén. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-stil1980-1990.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-stil1980-1990.html

Stockholmskooperativet för Independent Living är resultatet av ett litet antal individers kamp för personlig assistans i mitten på nittonhundraåttiotalet. Personlig assistans är, i motsats till hemtjänst eller boendeservice, en service knuten till den enskilde själv. Den som behöver assistans bestämmer själv vem som ska assisterar med vad; när det ska göras och hur.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2004-07. "Det finns hem för sådana där" är ett program om vanföreanstalterna, skolhem för barn med rörelsehinder. 2004-07. Lyssna-MP3 (30:43 minuter, 28,8 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (9,9 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Siv Eriksson, Karin Westlund och Wenche Willumsen. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/vanforeanstalter1930-1960.html

Barn och unga med funktionshinder hade inte rätt att gå i den ordinarie kommunala skolan. Särskilda skolhem, institutioner var alternativet. Genom en lagändring 1962 - 120 år efter allmän skolplikt infördes i Sverige - blev kommunerna tvungna att erbjuda skolgång på hemorten för rörelsehindrade elever. Programmet följer tre kvinnor med rörelsehinder från 30- till 60-talet.

Berg, Susanne (intervjuer och research). 2003/2005. "Ensam kan jag bo". Jag kan inte det - bo ihopa - är ett program om fyra män som köpte det gamla kvarnhuset på Kaptensgatan i Råå och flyttade ut från gruppbostaden. 2003/2005. Lyssna-MP3 (29:56 minuter, 28,1 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (14.3 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Per Claésson, Lars Lindström, Martin Linnander, Lars Hempel och assistenter, samt Kent och Patricia Ericsson. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/ensam-kan-jag-bo.html

I början av 1993 köpte fyra män med begåvningshandikapp ett eget hem i en av Helsingborgs förorter. Huset köptes på öppna marknaden, byggdes om och inreddes gemensamt. Det var det första steget ut från ett kollektivt boende för killarna. I dag lever de som egna individer med personlig assistans. Det här är berättelsen om hur det gick till.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. "Att göra väl eller välgörenhetsskrammel". 2004-04, är ett program om insamlingars vara eller inte vara. Vem gagnar de egentligen? Lyssna-MP3 (27 minuter, 25,3 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Jonas Franksson, Agneta Mbyamba, Veronica Svensk. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/insamlingar2002.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/insamlingar2002.html

1997 startar insamlingarna till kronprinsessan Viktorias fond. De donerade pengarna ska gå till att ge funktionshindrade en meningsfull fritid. Fonden blir droppen som får bägaren att rinna över för Förbundet Unga Rörelsehindrade och något år senare startar de själva Stackars Viktoria-fonden i ett motdrag. Välgörenhet är av ondo anser de. Men inom handikapprörelsen finns också andra åsikter.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004-04. "Partnerskap - det är snyggt, men svårt" är ett program om möjligheter och svårigheter i biståndsarbete. 2004-04. Lyssna-MP3 (28:57, 27,2 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Malin Ekman Aldén, Stefan Sundquist, Annika Åkerberg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bistand2003.mp3 och www.independentliving.org/radio/bistand2003.html

Sverige ger mindre än en procent av bruttonationalprodukten i internationellt bistånd. En del av detta kanaliseras genom den svenska folkrörelsen. Aktiva handikapporganisationer bedriver biståndsprojekt via SHIA, Svenska Handikapporganisationers Internationella Biståndsförening.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004. "Vad sysslar du med?" är ett program om arbetsmarknaden för unga med funktionshinder och lagen om förbud mot diskriminering i arbetslivet. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (26:57 minuter, 25,3 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (8,9 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare:Pontus Degsell, Fredrik Larsson, Torbjörn Andersson (Handikappombudsmannen), Christina Järnstedt (LO) och Hanna Sejlitz. Intervjuer och research: Farhad Jahanmahan och Susanne Berg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.rm, och www.independentliving.org/radio/arbetsmarknad2003.html

Vad man sysslar med, vilket arbete man har är av mycket stor betydelse i vårt samhälle. Arbetet är en stor del av den personliga identiteten; en del som inte enbart har betydelse för individens ekonomiska situation men också för hur sociala relationer inleds, formas och utvecklas. Tillgången till arbetsmarknaden är alltså en nyckelfråga för svenskarna. Vi fokuserar i det här programmet på ungdomar med funktionshinder och hur deras entré i arbetslivet ser ut.

Berg, Susanne och Jahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004. "Tillgänglighet! Nu!" - ett program om Marschen för tillgänglighet och personer med funktionshinders kamp mot diskriminering. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (26:35 minuter, 24,9 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (8,75 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Marschdeltagare och arrangörer. Musik: Joel Granström och Synliga. Intervjuer och resesearch: Farhad Jahanmahan och Susanne Berg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/marschenfortillganglighet2004.html

Den tjugoförsta augusti 2004 marscherar personer med funktionshinder för andra året i rad genom centrala Stockholm. Från Wennergren Center marscherar de genom Stockholm, fram till Mynttorget och Riksdagen. Kravet är lagstiftning som förbjuder diskriminering genom otillgänglighet.

Berg, Susanne och Neveling, Sybille. "Jag var väldigt röd och aktiv på den tiden" - ett program om det vänsterradikala sextiotalet och gruppen Anti-Handikapp. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (32:22 minuter, 30,4 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (15,5 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Teuta Sederstedt, Ulla Brandén, Vilhelm Ekensteen och Adolf Ratzka. Intervjuer och research: Sybille Neveling och Susanne Berg. Musiken spelades av Rullbandet. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/radikalitet-antihandikapp1960-1970.html

Under det röda sextiotalet ifrågasattes samhällets uppbyggnad, orättvisor diskuterades i vänsterbelysning och en våg av aktiviteter intog det offentliga rummet. Personer med funktionshinder blev också radikala. I Lund bildades aktionsgruppen Anti-Handikapp. Påverkan skedde ofta genom musik, teater, debatter. Musiken i det här programmet har vi fått från Teuta Sederstedt. Den kommer från en Demo-kassett med Rullbandet.

Bergström, Hans (intervjuer och research). 2004. "Sundby mentalsjukhus - helt slutet från samhället utanför" - ett program om hur det var att bli intagen för mentalvård på 1980-talet i Sverige. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (29:28 minuter, 27,6 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (13,7 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Ola Persson. Research och intervju: Hans Bergström. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/sundbymentalsjukhus1980.html

Vård av personer med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar i Sverige handlar om institutionernas historia. Sinnessjuk, mentalsjuk, psykiskt störd är vad personer kallats under åren. Sinnessjukhus, mentalsjukhus, psykiatriska kliniker är namnet på institutionerna. Namnet på personerna är kopplat till namnet på byggnaden där de vårdats. Så blir invånarna avpersonifierade, objekt istället för individer med personlighet. I det här programmet får vi en inblick i vad det innebar att tas in på Sundby mentalsjukhus i början av 1980-talet.

Bergström, Hans (intervjuer och research). "Mentalsjukhusen ska förpassas till historiens skräpkammare" - ett program om Riksförbundet för Social och Mental Hälsa och avvecklingen av de psykiatriska institutionerna. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (29:38 minuter, 27,8 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (13,9 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Hans Bergström, Jan-Olof Forsén och Ola Persson. Intervjuer och research gjordes av Hans Bergström. Samtalspartner var Wenche Willumsen. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/mentalsjukhusen-rsmh1960-1990.html

Under sextiotalet organiserar sig psykiatrins patienter i det som ska bli RSMH. Samtidigt pågick processen med att stänga de stora psykiska institutionerna i Sverige. I det här programmet möter vi tre överlevare med erfarenhet av psykiatrin och kamratstödet i föreningen.

Berman-Bieler, Rosangela. "Inter-American Institute on Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/berman-bieler.html

Berrol, Sheldon. 1979. "The Role of the Able-Bodied Professional." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/berrol.html

Sheldon Berrol notes that the success of the independent living movement, in contrast to a rehabilitation or medical approach to disability, is due to the creation and nurturing of the movement by the disabled community. The role of the able bodied professional working with disabled people is to provide services, be active advocates, share skills, and provide training while allowing the direction of the Independent Living Program to come from within the disabled community.

Bhandari, Avinash. 1992. "Introducing accessibility legislation for architects and planners in Mauritius." In: "Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-18, 1992." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare2.html.

Avinash Bhandari, of the Ministry of Works in Mauritius, describes features to be included in the construction of buildings in order to ensure accessibility and safety for as broad a segment of the population as possible. He outlines the current state of accessibility in Mauritius and how it could be improved.

Blomkvist, Henry. 1993. "STIL:s roll i Nacka kommuns kundvalssystem." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#7 (In Swedish.)

Bollard, Joe. 2003-09. "ENIL’s Strasbourg Freedom Drive 2003." Lyssna-MP3-engelska (30:28 minuter, 28,6 MB), lyssna-RealAudio-engelska, download-RealAudio-engelska (4.6 MB). Programmet i text | In English (PDF-English, 35 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.rm, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.pdf, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309sv.html, och www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.html

I september 2003 samlades nittio assistansbrukare från ENIL, det europeiska nätverket för Independent Living, i Strasbourg och marscherade till Europaparlamentets byggnad för att presentera sina viktigaste krav (se www.enil.eu.com/sfd/8demands.htm) för att personer som behöver personlig assistans ska kunna delta på lika villkor i samhället. Producent är den synskadade Joe Bollard från Dublin. Original titel "Nothing about us without us!" Översättning av Eva Linderoth.

Bollard, Joe. 2003-09. "ENIL’s Strasbourg Freedom Drive 2003." Listen-MP3 (30:28 minuter, 28,6 MB), listen-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (4.6 MB). Programmet i text | In English (PDF-English, 35 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.rm, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.pdf, www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309sv.html, och www.independentliving.org/radio/bollard200309.html

In September 2003, ninety assistance users from ENIL, the European Independent Living Movement, converged on the European Parliament in Strasbourg to present their key demands (see www.enil.eu.com/sfd/8demands.htm) for the inclusion of people, who need personal assistance, in mainstream society. Joe Bollard, the producer, is from Dublin, and is blind.

Bonnie, Selina. 2002-08. "Facilitated Sexual Expression in the Independent Living Movement in Ireland." Submitted for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Disability Studies, The Department of Sociology and Social Policy,The University of Leeds. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bonnie200208.html

In her paper submitted for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Disability Studies at The University of Leeds, Bonnie Selina explores facilitated sexual expression in the Irish Independent Living Movement including how widespread facilitated sexual expression is in the Irish Independent Living movement and the legal and ethical implications of this form of assistance, particularly in the Irish social context.

Botero, Carlos. "The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Human Resources Development." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/botero.html

Carlos Botero of the Asociacion Colombiana de Personas Impedidas in Bogota, Colombia, explores the positive and negative characteristics of NGOs, the role NGOs can play in the development of human resources, and the training and action that needs to occur in order for NGOs to reach their maximal effectiveness.

Botero, Carlos. "Personalutveckling och NGO:s* roll." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/boterosv.html

Bracking, Stuart and Cowan, Ross. 1998. "It's MY life - An introduction to Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/bracking1.html

Stuart Bracking and Ross Cowan (Gateshead Council on Disability) offer definitions and examples of the concepts independent living, personal assistance, and disability, comparing the medical and social models.

Bracking, Stuart and Cowan, Ross. 1988. "Using a home care agency - A question and answer guide for Disabled people." (PDF, 52 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/bracking98.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/bracking98.pdf

An introduction to personal assistance for people with disabilities, including definitions and dozens of practical questions with straight-forward answers.

Breisky, Karen. 1999. "The ABCs of hiring PCAs." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/breisky99.html

Personal care attendant work pays little, and much of the work is menial - so the search for caring, competent, reliable people is arduous. Karen Breisky refers to her own experiences in offering tips for hiring assistants.

Brichtová, Lydia. 1998-08-24. "Independent Living and proposed Slovak social reforms." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr8.html

Lydia Brichtová speaks about the changes adopted in social/disability legislation since 1989.

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News. 1999-02-16. "Health - Euthanasia controls failing." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bbc990216.html

Brown, Steven E. 1992. "Creating a Disability Mythology." First published in International Journal Of Rehabilitation Research, Winter 1992. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown92a.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, attempted to reframe how people think about the history of disability and current notions about disability pride.

Brown, Steven E. 1995. "A Celebration of Diversity: An Introductory, Annotated Bibliography about Disability Culture." In: Disability Studies Quarterly 15 (4), (Fall 1995), 36-55. (PDF, 125 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown95a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown95a.pdf

According to Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, the idea of disability culture has gained momentum in the early 1990s leading to many examples of the culture in articles, books, music, and film. This is an annotated description of those Brown believes are most significant.

Brown, Steven E. 1995. "I Was Born (in a Hospital Bed) -- When I Was Thirty-One Years Old." First published in "Disability & Society," 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown95c.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, gave a speech, later reworked into an article, in which he describes how he came to accept and even take pride in his status as a person with a disability and a disability activist, as well as other life activities, such as being a parent.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "Disability Culture: A Fact Sheet." (Las Cruces, NM: Institute on Disability Culture, 1996). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96a.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, briefly describes the history and themes of disability culture.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "We Are Who We Are: So Who Are We? Musings on the definition of disability culture." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, August 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96b.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, provides a short definition of disability culture and places the difficulty of definitions in the context of power struggles.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "Book Review - Deviants, Invalids, and Anthropologists: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Conditions of Disability in One Academic Discipline: A Review of Disability and Culture." Disability and Rehabilitation: An international, multidisciplinary journal, First published in May 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96d.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, critically reviewed the book Disability and Culture, edited by Benedicte Ingstad and Susan Reynolds Whyte.

Brown, Steven E. 1996. "Super Duper? The (Unfortunate) Ascendancy of Christopher Reeve." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, October 1996. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96c.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, compiled a discussion prompted by the invitation of Christopher Reeve, the actor who became quadriplegic, to speak at the 1996 Democratic Presidential Convention in the USA.

Brown, Steven E. 1997. "Movie Stars and Sensuous Scars." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, February 1997. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97a.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, discusses love and sexuality in an autobiographical article.

Brown, Steven E. 1997. "Dis-ing Definitions." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of The Able-Disabled, August 1997. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97b.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, attempted to reframe how people think the language and status of disability.

Brown, Steven E. 1997. "Oh, Don't You Envy Us Our Privileged Lives?" (PDF, 62 KB; Word, RTF, 73 KB.) A Review Of The Disability Culture Movement." First published in "Disability & Rehabilitation, August 1997. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.html, www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown97c.doc

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, reviewed the history of disability culture and its artifacts.

Brown, Steven E. 1998. "'Poster Kids No More:' Perspectives About the No-Longer Emerging (In Fact, Vibrant) Disability Culture." In: Disability Studies Quarterly, 18(1) (Winter 1998), 5-19. (PDF, 160 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98a.pdf

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, takes an opportunity to review a decade of investigating and promoting disability culture. This piece quotes liberally from previous Brown publications, and attempts to put into perspective both opinions that challenge the concept of a disability culture and those that support it.

Brown, Steven E. 1998. "In Freedom, Frank." First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, June/July 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98b.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, describes the life and work of Frank Moore, a Berkeley, California, USA performance artist with cerebral palsy.

Brown, Steven E. Fall 1998. "What Happened To Architectural Accessibility?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/brown1_00.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, discusses the issue of architectural accessibility and wonders why this so-called easy aspect of accessibility can still be so difficult to find and why more people aren’t talking about and taking action to increase architectural accessibility.

Brown, Steven E. 1999. "Institutional Madness: Speaking out against institutionalism." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/brown1.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown speaks out on instituionalism: "No one I know who has lived in a nursing home wanted to stay there. Institutions by their very nature constrict freedom; suppress life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Brown, Steven E. 1999. "The Curb Ramps of Kalamazoo: Discovering Our UnrecordedHistory." In: Disability Studies Quarterly, 19 (3), (Summer 1999), 203-05. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown99a.html.

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, learned by accident of a city program to implement curb cuts in Kalamazoo, Michigan in the U.S. in the mid-1940s. This is the story of how that occurred.

Brown, Steven E. 2000. "Zona and Ed Roberts: Twentieth Century Pioneers." In: Disability Studies Quarterly 20 (1)(Winter 2000), 26-42. (PDF, 129 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown00a.html. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown00a.pdf (129 KB.)

Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, has written a biographical description of two disability rights pioneers. Many people know the history and legacy of Ed Roberts, but far fewer realize the impact of his mother, Zona, and her own contributions apart from Ed to the disability rights movement. This is their story.

Brown, Steven E. 2007-05-31. “The Pursuit of Radical Change: Perceptions and Realities of the Americans with Disabilities Act." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brown20070531.html

Brown, Steven E, and Gonzales Brown, Lillian. 1995. "Death & Life." First published in "Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled," September 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/blake95.html

Dr. Steven E. Brown and Gonzales Brown, Co-Founders of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, has written a biographical description of a friend Danny Blake, who lives with Cerebral Palsy and AIDS and provides a cogent analysis of living and dying with a disability.

Brozek, Dorothea, Vienna Personal Assistance Cooperative. 2004-09a. "The Austrian Long-term Care Insurance." Document for the ECEPA Project. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409a.html

Brozek, Dorothea, Wiener Assistenzgenossenschaft. 2004-09a. "Die Österreichische Pflegevorsorge“. Dokument in Rahmen des ECEPA Projekts. Internet Veröffentlichung URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409a-de.html (In German.)

Brozek, Dorothea, Vienna Personal Assistance Cooperative. 2004-09b. "Guidelines to promote Personal Assistance at the workplace." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409b.html

Brozek, Dorothea, Wiener Assistenzgenossenschaft. 2004-09b. "Richtlinien zur Förderung der Persönlichen Assistenz am Arbeitsplatz." Internet Veröffentlichung URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/brozek200409b-de.html (In German.)

Buses for All (Europe). "Buses for All (Europe) - A Brief Presentation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/busforall.html

Bush, George. 2001-07-06. "Executive Order: Community-Based Alternatives for Individuals with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gb010618.html

On June 18, 2001 US President Bush issued an Executive Order to swiftly implement the Supreme Court decision and help individuals with disabilities move into the community.

Byrnes, Andrew. 2000-11. "Disability rights and human rights: plunging into the 'mainstream'?" (PDF, 184 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 5. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/byrnes00.pdf. In Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Andrew Byrnes, of the Faculty of Law at The University of Hong Kong, writes that disability issues are for the most part treated as social issues instead of mainstream human rights issues, similar to women’s rights issues fifteen years ago. He outlines ways in which disability rights issues can be moved onto a more prominent place on the international human rights agenda. He also outlines gains which have already been made as a result of these efforts.

Campbell, Jane. 2003-05-26. "Get A Life! - Euthanasia and human value." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell20030526.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, points out in this presentation at STIL in Stockholm that, "The normal response to suicidal depression is to treat the depression, not to push the person off the bridge!"

Campbell, Jane. 2003-05-23. "Building an Independent Living organisation fit for the twenty first century. Underpinning organisational development with empowering principals." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell20030523.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, contemplates the future of Independent Living organisations, including work together with non-disabled persons (which she calls, "the mutuality route.") She concludes, "our independent living organisations to be fit for the 21st century we must have principles of: full inclusion, valuing diversity, equality of opportunity, human rights, civil rights, and citizenship."

Campbell, Jane. 2002. "Think Piece - 'Sticks and Stones' But words are hurting!" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell2002a.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, discusses the importance of language and particular words.

Campbell, Jane. 2001-11-09. "Valuing Diversity: The Disability Agenda - We’ve Only Just Begun." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell20011109.html

Dr. Jane Campbell, Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence in England, presented this paper at the Bristol University Centenary Celebration on 9th November 2001, as part of their series of lectures on Valuing Diversity. She concludes, amongst other things that, "Well firstly we have to acknowledge that independent living is a human rights issue. Secondly, society has to learn not to retreat from the nettle even though it causes pain. The voice of the so-called radicals that dare to tell it how it is must not be dismissed."

Campbell, Jane. 1996. "‘Growing Pains,’ Disability Politics - The journey explained and described." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/campbell1996.html

The author attempts to shed some light on the complex and often quite hidden political process of the Disabled Persons Movement over the past 30 years. She concludes, "The development of the social model and its journey into the very fabric of our communities through social, political and economic infrastructures, gives the disability movement the authority to say we have emerged."

Campos, Art. 1993-05-13. "John Hessler, Pioneer in Independence for Disabled People, Dies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/campos93.html

John Hessler revolutionized the US's attitudes toward disabled people - first by entering the University of California, Berkeley, and later by helping create the Center for Independent Living.

Carleton, Gwen. 1999. "Making Technology Accessible To All." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/gwencarleton.html

Universal design in Information Technology is slowly becoming standard in the industry.

Carter QC, The Hon William. 2000-08-24. "Sydney Olympics 2000 Website Accessibility Decision: Bruce Lindsay Maguire vs Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games: Reasons for Decision of the Hon. William Carter QC, Inquiry Commissioner." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/sydney-olympics-blind-accessibility-decision.html

Sydney Olympics organizers were taken to court for having an inaccessible Website, which is in violation of the Australian Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, and lost the case.

Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Bosnia-Herzegovina. 2002. "Activist Handbook." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/crs-activist-handbook.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/crs-activist-handbook.pdf (PDF, 526 KB).

Cavallo, Pamela ES. 1998. "Obtaining Personal Assistance." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/msguide.html

This guide considers independence, dependence, and interdependence for those seeking personal assistance services. It addresses needs assessment, recruiting, interviewing, and other practical aspects of attendant care.

Center for Independent Living. 1996-06. "Demand for Social Security Measures by Independent Living Association in Japan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/cil-japan199606.html

Champagne, Jean-Remi. 1987. "Canadian Action on Handicapping Environments." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibprague5.html

Canada has made considerable progress in developing barrier-free environments, and human rights legislation now contains anti-discriminatory clauses which protect disabled persons, thereby providing opportunities for equal access to shelter, employment, goods and services.

Charen, Mona. 1999-04-29. "Kevorkian's death crusade finally stopped." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/charen19990429.html

Chizima, Febby. 1992. "Accessibility legislation in Zambia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare4.html

Febby Chizima, of ZAFOD in Lusaka, Zambia, outlines the lack of accessibility in Zambia in public buildings, housing, and street environments. The need for awareness and legislation in these areas is also discussed.

Christophersen, Jon. 1991. "Accessibility legislation - 1991." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest4.html

Jon Christophersen, of the Building Research Institute in Norway, describes accessibility legislation, implementation, incentives for implementation and problems encountered in Norway. Two studies were carried out, one concerning access legislation in the building regulations and the other concerning life-span dwelling criteria. The results showed that accessibility in Norway could be improved through better workmanship and better control on site, improved legislation, and changing building practice.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1984-04-10. "Report of the International Expert Seminar Building Concept for the Handicapped Stockholm, Sweden." (PDF, 92 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm.pdf

CIB is the abbreviation of the French title of the International council for Building Research, Studies and Documentation. This portion of the report of the International Expert Seminar on Building Concept for the Handicapped in Stockholm in 1984 includes: a table of contents with links to individual presentations; and presentations by Mr. Bengt Lindqvist, Member of the Swedish Parliament, Chairman of the Central Committee of Organizations of the Disabled in Sweden, and by Professor Sven Thiberg, coordinating chairman of CIB/W 84 (the working commission).

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1987-10-15. "Report of the Second International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Renewal of Inner Cities, Prague." (PDF, 311 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibprague1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibprague.pdf

This portion of the report of the Second International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Renewal of Inner Cities held in Prague in 1987, includes: a table of contents with links to individual presentations; an introduction of the history and future directions of CIB W84 (the working commission) by Sven Thiberg the seminar Coordinator and Adolf D. Ratzka, the Associate Coordinator; a note on language used; the opening address by Dr. Rudolf Hegenbart; and an introduction to the themes of the seminar by Adolf D. Ratzka.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1988-09-10. "Report of the Third International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Accessibility Issues in Developing Countries, Tokyo." (PDF, 146 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibtokyo1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibtokyo.pdf

This portion of the report of the Third International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Accessibility Issues in Developing Countries held in Tokyo in 1988, includes: a table of contents with links to individual presentations; a preface by the editor of the report, Adolf D. Ratzka, Ph.D., outlining the concepts of accessibility and Independent Living; a presentation of the organizers of the seminar; and opening statements by Dr. Yasumi Yoshitake, Chairman of the Executive Committee, Architectural Institute of Japan, by Professor Sven Thiberg, the CIB W84 Coordinator, and by Dr. Mickey Milner, Immediate Past Chairman of ICTA, International Commission on Technical Aids, Building and Transportation.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1991-09-02. "Report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, Budapest, Hungary." (PDF, 339 KB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest1.html and www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest.pdf

This portion of the report of the Fourth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions held in Budapest, Hungary in 1991 includes a table of contents with links to session summaries and papers, a presentation of the organizers, and opening addresses by Professor Dr. Gy. Sebestyén, Secretary General, CIB, and Dr. Pál Gadó, Host Organizer, MEOSZ, Budapest, Hungary.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1992-01-16. "Report of the Fifth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, Harare, Zimbabwe." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare1.html

This portion of the report from the Fifth International Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments: Access Legislation and Design Solutions, held in Harare, Zimbabwe, includes a table of contents with links to papers and discussions, a presentation of the organizers, and opening addresses by the Hon. F.L. Chitauro, Dep. Minister of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Zimbabwe, by Mr. Alexander Phiri, Chairperson, Zimbabwe Federation of Disabled, and by Professor Sven Thiberg, CIB W84 Coordinator, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.

CIB (International Council for Building Research). 1993. "About CIB, and Contents of Documents." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/index.html

This document presents the objectives, membership parameters, and activities of CIB, which stands for an abbreviation of the French title of the International Council for Building Research, Studies and Documentation, as well as links to proceedings from the six international CIB seminars.

Claesson Wästberg, Inger. 1998. "HandikappombudsmanInledning på Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr1.html (In Swedish.)

Clare, Elizabeth. 1999. "Exile and Pride: Disability, Queerness, and Liberation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/clare99.html

This book by Eli Clare, explores the landscape of disability, class, queerness, and child abuse, telling stories that echo with the sounds of an Oregon logging and fishing town, and with the lively political debates of crip crusaders and transgender warriors.

Clarke, Dr. Angus. 1998. "Issues Arising from Genetics - Genetics and Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics2.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

In his presentation Dr. Angus Clarke, of the Institute of Medical Genetics at the University of Wales College of Medicine, discusses issues raised by genetics in disability, outlines the uses of genetic testing and his concerns about how it is developing, as well as the different uses for genetics in general and with regard to reproductive screening, and the problems surrounding this issue.

Cohen, Neville. 1992. "Accessibility in South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare5.html

Neville Cohen, of Chairman Industries in South Africa, notes in his paper that access and disability are broad terms, and that three steps should be taken prior to applying for legislation: to define requirements, to select a knowledgeable task force, and to locate influential advocates in the community. A history of building regulations in South Africa is given, followed by questions and answers concerning accessibility and national and cultural differences.

Coleman, Diane. 1999-01-25. "A serial killer of disabled people, out on the streets - Will Jack Kevorkian be convicted?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Kevorkian.html

The courts of Michigan are preparing to send a worldwide message about the euthanasia of people with disabilities. Will Jack Kevorkian be convicted and imprisoned? Or will he be acquitted once more, never to be charged again?

Concepts of Independence, Inc. "Patient Managed Home Care Programs Serving Self-Directing Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/conceptsinfo.html

Concepts of Independence, Inc. "Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Guide." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/conceptsmanual.html

Concrete Change. 1998. "United Kingdom Single Family Access Law." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/concrete-change1998.html

Connally, Patrick Wm. Spring 1999. "Singer/Crips/Animals." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/conn1_00.html

Patrick William Connally, visionary, (Disability Rights, Enforcement, Education, Services) DREES President and founder, discusses the controversy over the appointment of Peter Singer, author of "Practical Ethics," to a teaching position at Princeton University. According to Connally, Singer seems to support euthanasia for new born babies with disabilities. Connally discusses the morals and values concerning this issue, providing a historical perspective as well as a strong negative to Singer’s ideas.

Corcoran, Maurice. 2000. "Accessibility for All: The Australian Experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/corcoran2000.html

Maurice Corcoran’s article is an example and encouragement for the movement for Buses For All in other countries. In it, he traces the history leading up to the milestone decision of October 12, 2000 by the Australian Federal Cabinet, requiring all intra-city buses to be of low-floor type using boarding aids for wheelchair users in the form of ramps.

Council of Europe. 1992. "Recommendation No. R(92)6 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on a Coherent policy for people with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coe92r6.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States in such areas as: education, vocational training, employment, social integration, etc. This recommendation was adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 9 April 1992 at the 474th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.

Council of Europe. 1993. "Integration of People with Disabilities: Accessibility - Universal Design." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coeacc.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States and is currently preparing revolutionary accessibility guidelines: a specific recommendation to incorporate the principles of Universal Design (design that responds equally to the needs of everyone), including accessibility, into the curricula of all vocations that work on the built environment.

Council of Europe. 1996. "Integration of People with Disabilities: Employment of persons with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coeempl.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States and this report outlines past and current work and relevant publications in the area of employment of persons with disabilities. Their activities in the field of employment aim at completing or enlarging the provisions of Recommendation No. R (92) 6 on a coherent policy for people with disabilities.

Council of Europe. 1996. "Recommendation No. R(96)5 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Reconciling Work and Family Life." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coe96r5.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States in such areas as: education, vocational training, employment, social integration, etc. This recommendation was adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 June 1996 at the 569th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.

Council of Europe. 1999. "Integration of People with Disabilities: Discrimination." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coedisc.html

The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States. With the knowledge that governments follow different approaches to achieve equal opportunity policies, the Council of Europe established a Working Group in November 1996 to elaborate a collection and comparative analysis of legislation against discrimination of persons with disabilities in member States. The final report will be published in autumn 1999.

Council of the European Union. 1997. "Directive 2000/ /EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union." Interinstitutional File: 1997/0176 (COD), Brussels, (OR. en) 9012/00 LIMITE ENT 75 CODEC 413. 153 pp. Internet publication URL: Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/eu97bus.pdf (570 KB).

Cowan, Ross and Watson, Bob. 1997. " What do I want to do? a DIY guide to self-assessment for Disabled people." (PDF, 44 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/gateshead1.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/gateshead1.pdf

This Gateshead Personal Assistance Pilot Project quide provides information and advice to disabled people who wish to live independently by using personal assistance. The Guide focusses on assessing your needs.

Cowan, Ross and Watson, Bob. 1997. "Vad vill jag göra? En DIY (do it yourself, "gör det själv") manual/guide till självbedömning för personer med funktionsnedsättning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/gateshead1b.html (In Swedish.)

This Gateshead Personal Assistance Pilot Project quide provides information and advice to disabled people who wish to live independently by using personal assistance. The Guide focusses on assessing your needs.

Crescendo, Johnny. 1993. "The Ballad of Josie Evans." First published in 1993. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/evans93.html

An eloquent, heart-wrenching story of a woman who is abandoned by her government and everyone else to a solitary, but dignified, life and death in a nursing home.

Creurer, Michael. 1998. "Book Review: Changing Lanes... A guide to help when aging, illness or disability forces us into the Slow Lane." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/rogers.html

Michael Creurer offers valuable psycho-educational concepts combined with narratives about the author and his disabled peers.

Csorba, Zoltán. 1991. "Classification of the environment - 1991." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest5.html

In his report at the CIB seminar in 1991, Zoltán Csorba from the Mayor's Office in Budapest, Hungary describes action taken by the government to build homes for persons with disabilities in conjunction with the International Year of Disabled Persons and the various reasons why this initiative did not continue. He outlines a system of classification of the environment which could be used in the formulation of international recommendations which could in turn serve as a basis for legislation to promote the creation of non-handicapping environments and homes in former socialist states.

Cummings, Betsy. 2000-05. "Gaining Entry." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/cummings2000.html

Betsy Cummings examines the problems facing people with disabilities in hotels, conference centers, and public buildings worldwide, by analyzing the policies of a sample of countries on different continents.

Cunningham-Burley, Dr. Sarah. 1998. "Issues Arising from Quality of Life." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics3.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

In her presentation, Dr. Sarah Cunningham-Burley, from the Department of Public Health, University of Edinburgh, looked at the way in which quality of life issues are affecting medical decisions, including decisions about genetic testing, and related this to a study of how the general public views these issues.

Curtis, Bruce. 1980. "The need for Independent Living programs: an historical context and summary of progressive independent living services." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/curtisbneed.html

In this early article, Bruce Curtis, of the Technical Assistance Project, Center for Independent Living in Berkeley, California, traces the history of forced dependency and institutionalization which has and often continues to be the lot of disabled persons. Basic denial of disabled people’s human and civil rights led to the 1972 establishment of the Center for Independent Living in 1972 in Berkeley - a rights advocacy and service organization developed by and for disabled people. Curtis outlines the various components of the center’s activities.

Curtis, Charles. 1984-04. "The changing role of the People First advisor." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools29.html

People First is a self-advocacy organization operated by and for people with mental (intellectual) handicaps, with help from non-voting, non-disabled advisors. People First philosophy envisages a time when local chapters can function without full-time advisors, using only temporary help as needed. Curtis describes qualities of "good" advisors who are able to give leadership without taking control and problems which may arise with advisors from agency/institution staffs, who often hold traditional views and may be overprotective.

Daneshpour, Zohereh A. and Toumeh F.M., Arbel. 1991. "A socio-physical study towards building barrier-free urban environment in Iran." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest31.html

The Iranian five year National Development plan (from 1989-1994) includes "renovation of the overall urban environments towards the needs of the disabled." This paper by Zohereh A. Daneshpour and Arbel Toumeh F.M., of the DBRE Research Center in Tehran, Iran, is part of a research study included in the plan and describes how a case study area in Tehran was selected and analyzed in terms of existing problem areas for disabled persons in the urban environment.

Dart, Justin. 1999-04. "Speaking on the value of human life." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/dart99a.html

Disability activist, Justin Dart, condemns the appointment and ethics of Princeton's Bioethics professor, Dr. Peter Singer.

D'Aubin, April. "Power to the people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3a.html

In Canada people with disabilities are giving power to themselves - personal empowerment - through their activities in Independent Living centers (ILCs).

D'Aubin, April. "Soweto's Self-Help Factory: An Empowerment Lesson." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2597442

D'Aubin, April. "The Power of the Pen: Empowering Words." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2559192

Davidovich, Nathan. 1996. "Disability Discrimination in the Workplace." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/EmployDiscrim.html

Despite increased sensitivity to physical and mental disabilities, many of America's workers find themselves to be victims of employment discrimination due to their disability.

Degener Dr. Theresia. 1998. "The Global Picture and the European Situation Regarding Bioethics and Genetic Engineering." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics4.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

This article is an account of a presentation at the 1998 "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people" by Dr. Theresia Degener, legal adviser to the German Council of Centres for Self-Determined Living and lecturer at the Universities of Frankfurt, Mainz and Leipzig. In her presentation, Dr. Degener advanced a theory that bioethics is incompatible with human rights philosophy. She also discusses how existing international standards with regard to human rights including The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Nuremberg Code (1947) are undermined by the draft UNESCO Declaration on Bio-ethics and Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and Bio-Medicine, both of which were designed to protect freedom of research.

DeJong, Gerben. "Independent Living as a state of mind." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools38.html

Gerben DeJong’s article is an excerpt from his study entitled "The Influence of Environmental Barriers On Independent Living Outcomes." He discusses how Independent Living offers a perspective that is unique to the analysis of disability issues and outcomes by shifting the focus of disability policy and research for physically impaired from limitations and rehabilitation to include a wide variety of environmental barriers that need to be removed to enable disabled persons to participate fully in community life.

DeJong, Gerben. 1988. "The challenge of middle age for the Independent Living Movement." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3c.html

Early in the movement, persons with physical disabilities wanted to be viewed as competent, self-directed, and capable of managing their own lives. Persons whose capacity for self-direction had been compromised threatened that image of competence.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK. 1998-05-15. "Government Consults on Rail Accessibility - Press Notice: 372/ Transport." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/transnews.html

Press release (London, England) - Trains and trams entering service after 31 December 1998 will be fully accessible.

Derksen, Jim. 1980. "The Disabled Consumer Movement: Policy Implications for Rehabilitation Service Provisions." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/derksen1980.html

de Vylder, Stefan. 2002-12. "Taxi för alla - en rapport om ekonomiska aspekter på en pilotverksamhet i Stockholm med taxi för människor med funktionshinder." Internet publikation URLs: www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder200212.pdf (PDF, 72 KB) och www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder200212.doc (Word format, 115 KB) (In Swedish).

de Vylder, Stefan. 2003-03. "Taxi för alla-projektets utvärdering - ekonomisk sammanfattning." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder200303.html (In Swedish).

de Vylder, Stefan. 2003-06-16. "Rullstolstaxi - bättre och billigare." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/vylder20030616.html (In Swedish).

Dhlamini, Phillip. 1992-01. "Swaziland National Association of the Disabled." In: Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-18, 1992. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare6.html.

Phillip Dhlamini of Swaziland briefly reports about progress being made by the Swaziland National Association of the Disabled. The organization was officially registered as an organization of disabled people in 1991. Drafted legislation is given pertaining to accessibility, human rights, equal opportunities, and Independent Living.

Digh, Patricia. 1999. "Misplaced Modifiers: Respectful Language Improves Accuracy." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/digh.html

Print and broadcast media often describe people with disabilities with archaic and demeaning phrases. Patricia Digh provides guidelines for writing about people with disabilities.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "About Disability Awareness in Action." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa-about.html

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA) is an international public education campaign to promote, support and coordinate national action to further the objectives of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992) and the World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons (WPA). DAA is a partnership between the following organizations: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI), IMPACT, International League of Societies of Persons with Mental Handicap (ILSMH), Rehabilitation International (RI), and World Federation of the Deaf (WFD).

Disability Awareness in Action (Kampanjen för medvetenhet om funktionshinder). 1996. "Kampanjen om funktionshinder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa-aboutsv.html

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 1, Media Information." (PDF, 49 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit1.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa1.pdf

DAA's Media Information Resource Kit helps to change the structures of society and attitudes, and to support your cause through traditional media.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 2, Consultation and Influence." (PDF, 146 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit21.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa2.pdf

DAA's Consultation and Influence Resource Kit helps to unite organisations as advocates for their own rights to influence decision-makers in governments and all sectors of society.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. " Resource Kit No. 3, Campaigns." (PDF, 103 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit31.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa3.pdf

DAA's Campaigns Resource Kit offers ideas for campaigns, things to be considered if you are to run a successful campaign and some real-life examples.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 4, Organisation Building." (PDF, 137 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit41.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa4.pdf

DAA's Organisation Building Resource Kit looks at how organisations of disabled people can improve their structures and the way they work.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 5, Fund-Raising." (PDF, 65 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit51.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa5.pdf

DAA's Fund-Raising Resource Kit gives ideas about your disability organisation's funding strategy - how to raise and use money effectively.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 1996. "Resource Kit No. 6, Disabled Women." (PDF, 61 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daakit61.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa6.pdf

DAA's Disabled Women Resource Kit focuses on the social status of disabled women, comments on representation and empowerment, and looks at the women's movement in the context of disabled women's issues.

Disability Awareness in Action (DAA). 2000-02. "Disability Tribune, Special Issue-Disability and bioethics." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/daa200002.html

The manual contains a definition of biotechnology, its proposed uses, its regulation, a list of related sites, and a discussion of health inequality as a result of economic inequality in relation to the issue of biotechnology.

Disability Intergroup. 2001-02-16. "Press Release: Disabled People to Finally Catch the Bus - Victory for Disabled People on Bus and Coach Directive." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pr20010216.html

All newly purchased buses throughout the European Union must be fully accessible to people with disabilities according to the Directive. This was the result of nine years of campaigning by disabled people, together with the Disability Intergroup of the European Parliament.

Disability Net 2000. 2000-10-23. "Buses for All (Europe), Briefing." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/buses3.html

A briefing outlining the Australian government’s plans to improve transportation accessibility for disabled people. Other briefings from the year 2000 detail the progress and problems of the EU Bus and Coach Directive and a campaign by the action group, Buses for All (Europe), to make buses accessible for all people with disabilities.

Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund. 1992. "Excerpts from Preserving disability civil rights: a step-by-step guide to taking action." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools13b.html

This excerpt from the Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund (located in Berkeley, California) civil rights action manual is concerned with the need to make the public aware of your issue and the different ways in which this can be done.

Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund. 1992. "Utdrag ur: Att skydda medborgerliga rättigheter: en steg-för-steg handledning i hur man kan vidta åtgärder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools13bsv.html (In Swedish.)

Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) Europe. 2000. "The Right to Live and be Different." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpi022000.html

In February 2000, 130 disabled people in twenty-seven countries discussed bioethics and human rights, and it is with pride that we make the following declaration.

Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) Europe. 2000. "Rätten att leva och att vara annorlunda." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpi022000sv.html (In Swedish.)

Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html

Summaries of papers on Genetics & Bioetheics at the DPI Seminar. Presentations given by, Dr. Angus Clarke, Dr. Sarah Cunningham, and Dr. Theresia Degener, followed by an open debate.

Doe, Tanis. 1998. "Definitioner av Independent Living (IL) världen över." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/doe1998.html (In Swedish.)

En av de primära grundsatserna av IL filosofin är att sociala problem inte stammar från funktionsnedsättningen hos individen utan från samhällets misslyckande i att möta samhällsmedborgarnas behov. (In Swedish.)

DO-IT. 1998. "The University of Washington, Access To Higher Learning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/doit1998.html

This guide outlines universal design principles to develop accessible college and university computer labs.

Doty, Pamela J. 1998. "An Experiment in Consumer-Directed Personal Assistance Services." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar398.html

The "Cash and Counseling" Demonstration/Evaluation is a large-scale public policy experiment designed to test the feasibility and assess a consumer-directed approach to the financing and delivery of personal assistance services (PAS).

Driedger, Diane and D'Aubin, April. 1991-04. "Literacy for Whom: Women with Disabilities Marginalized." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2569237

Disabled people, particularly disabled women, must be given specific consideration within the learner population. Literacy is both a gender issue and a disability issue.

Driedger, Diane. "COPOH's International Involvements." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2599921

The author outlines the international activities of the Coalition of Provincial Organizations of the Handicapped (COPOH). She goes on to present the work of Disabled Peoples' International (DPI), an organization of people with physical, mental, and emotional disabilities which has consultative status with the United Nations, International Labor Organization, and UNESCO.

Driedger, Diane. 1987. "Disabled Peoples' International." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2601143

DPI has been successful in airing human rights violations against disabled people at the United Nations Human Rights Commission. The organization has obtained consultative status with the United Nations, International Labor Organization, and UNESCO.

Driedger, Diane. 1989. "Disabled Women Meet." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2574945

Disabled women from 12 Caribbean countries, Canada and the U.S. gathered in Dominica July 18 - 22, 1988 to share with each other and to identify and to develop leadership skills. The women were there for a Disabled Women in Development Seminar.

Driedger, Diane (ed.). 1991 "Disabled People in International Development." (PDF, 78 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev.pdf

This booklet is presented to create an increasing awareness of disabled persons in the development process for both the disabled persons community and non-governmental organizations involved in international development.

Driedger, Diane (ed.). 1991 "Människor med funktionsnedsättning och internationell utveckling."Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1sv.html (In Swedish.)

Driedger, Diane and D'Aubin, April. "So you want to start an Independent Living centre? A Winnipeg case study." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/driedger-wpg1.html

Diane Driedger and April D'Aubin, residents of Winnipeg, and involved with the Winnipeg Independent Living Resource Centre, present a history of Independent Living, Canadian initiatives, and step by step instructions on how to form an Independent Living Centre using the Winnipeg Independent Living Resource Centre as a case study.

Dube, A.K. 1990. "What Do We Mean by Development?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2588890

A.K. Dube of the Southern Africa Federation of the Disabled (SAFOD) Regional Development Officer discusses features of the development-underdevelopment process as it relates to disabled people and their organizations. He notes that people can only liberate or develop themselves if they are able to identify the forces that constrain or oppress them.

Dube, A.K. 1990. "Vad menar vi med utveckling?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2588890

Dunn, Peter A. 1990. "The Economic, Social, and Environmental Obstacles Which Seniors with disabilities confront in Canada." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/dunn1990a.html

This paper describes and analyzes the economic, environmental and attitudinal factors that create barriers which confront disabled seniors in Canada, especially those individuals with physical disabilities, and which limit their full participation in society.

Dunn, Peter A. 1991. "Accessible housing legislation and policies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest6.html

This paper focuses on the range of policy and legislative issues which need to be tackled in order for countries to promote a barrier-free housing environment, while looking at housing rights and civil rights of people with disabilities.

Dunn, Peter A. 1997. "Government policy innovations and trends in barrier-free housing, accessible transportation and personal supports." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/dunn1997a.html

In this paper, Peter A. Dunn, Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Work at Wilfred Laurier University, Canada, outlines some of the provincial and territorial policies in Canada that began to incorporate independent living (IL) principles during the UN Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992). It focuses upon three areas: barrier-free housing, accessible transportation and attendant services/ personal supports.

Dunn, Peter A. 1997. "A Comparative Analysis of Barrier-Free Housing: Policies for Elderly People in the United States and Canada." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/dunn1997b.html

This paper identifies policy issues in creating barrier free housing for elderly people with disabilities in the United States and Canada. The strengths and weaknesses of a variety of policy approaches are contrasted. The approach in the United States which emphasizes individual housing rights is compared to the more social welfare approach used in Canada.

duToit, Mike. 1989-12. "Self Help Association of Paraplegics, SHAP, Republic of South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools31.html

This article describes the experience and success of SHAP, which was launched in 1981 by a group of unemployed Soweto paraplegics. They decided to operate a factory employing only disabled people, doing work on a subcontract basis for industry. By 1989 the factory employed 130 disabled people.

Duyvendak, J.W. and Melief, W.B.A.M. 2001. "Pioneering Personal Assistance in Slovenia: An Evaluation of the YHD Pilot Project on Personal Assistance in Slovenia". Unpublished evaluation commissioned by YHD, Ljubljana, Slovenia. (PDF, 150 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/duve2001.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/duve2001.pdf

YHD-Association for Theory and Culture of Disability, an organization run by and for people with disabilities and subscribing to the Independent Living philosophy, started a pilot project in Ljubljana with personal assistance for de-institutionalization and equal opportunities of assistance users.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 1991. "Self-Help Organizations of Disabled Persons." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap1991.html

The preparation of this Internet publication, "Self-Help Organizations of Disabled Persons," is an activity of an Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) project, with the purpose of promoting and supporting the self-help movement of people with disabilities in Asia and the Pacific. Guidelines on establishing and strengthening self-help organizations of disabled persons as well as case studies of such organizations are presented.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 1995. "Promotion of Non-Handicapping Physical Environments for Disabled Persons: Guidelines." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap1995.html

As part of a series of regional initiatives to translate into action the goals and objectives of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons, ESCAP in 1993 embarked on a project to promote non-handicapping environments for persons with disabilities and elderly persons in the Asian and Pacific region. This publication of comprehensive guidelines for the promotion of non-handicapping environments is an activity under the project.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 2000. "2000 ESCAP HRD Award, Theme: HRD for the Empowerment of People with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/escap2000hrd.html

The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) established the ESCAP HRD Award in 1990 which is presented annually in recognition of exemplary work in the field of human resources development (HRD). The theme of the award for the year 2000 was “Empowerment of People with Disabilities." This brochure presents a history of the award as well as eligibility requirements and application procedures.

Eilenberg, Ian M. 1991. "Australia takes tentative steps to take up the challenge of persons with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest7.html

This report by Ian M. Eilenberg, Victorian University of Technology, RMIT, Australia describes legislative steps taken in Australia to improve building regulations in order to promote accessibility and a "non-handicapping" environment.

Elmén, Bengt. 1987-01-26. "15 års erfarenhet med personlig assistans och några erfarenheter med peer counselling." Anförande vid stiftelsen solstickans pilotseminar om "meningsfull fritid för gravt handikappade ungdomar," ABF-huset, Stockholm den 26 januari 1987. Från "Stiletten" nr. 2, 1987. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/elmen87.html (In Swedish.)

Elmén, Bengt. 2007-11. "Att instruera sina assistenter". Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/assistanskoll/At-instruera-sina-assistenter.htmll (In Swedish.)

Enns, Henry. 1998-05. "Disabled Refugees." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2584506

Henry Enns, Executive Director of Disabled Peoples’ International discusses the plight of disabled refugees as a human rights issue that needs to be addressed by the UN and member states. Immigration policies in most countries discriminate against disabled refugees considering them as a “burden" and ignoring the significant contributions that disabled persons make to society.

Enns, Henry.1998-05. "Flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2584506

Enns, Henry.1998-05. "Journey to the Middle East." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2586938

This account describes the organizational efforts of disabled people encountered by Henry Enns, Executive Director of Disabled Peoples’ International and Marion Stroud, a member of the International Committee on the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC), during their visit to five countries in the Middle East. Their mission was to explore ways that MCC could support the grassroots development of disabled people in these countries.

Enns, Henry.1998-05. "Resa till Mellanösternt." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2586938

Enns, Henry. "The Role of Organizations of Disabled People: A DPI Discussion Paper." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/RoleofOrgDisPeople.html

This paper presents the many roles played by organizations of disabled people through first defining disabled peoples' organizations, describing the worldwide situation of people with disabilities, discussing the evolution of key philosophical tenets of the disabled people's movement, and finally by describing the activities of disabled peoples’ organizations.

Ericsson, Patricia och Kent. 1995-01. "Att äga sin bostad." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ericsson1995.html (In Swedish.)

Fyra män med begåvningshandikapp köpt sin egen bostad och där deras stöd förmedlas av personliga assistenter. (In Swedish.)

Ervin, Michael. 1986-04-18. "The 25 Day Siege That Brought Us 504." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ervin1986.html

On April 5, 1977, thousands of disabled people in cities all over America converged on their regional offices of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. They wanted implementation of regulations that would add significant impact to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Michael Ervin presents the reflections of three people who were involved in the actions the author deems to be the most significant event in the history of the disability rights movement.

European Commision. 1998-09-22. "Raising Employment Levels of People with Disabilities: The Common Challenge." (PDF, 39 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ec1550.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/ec1550.pdf

In the light of the European Employment Strategy, and drawing on the analysis of some key elements of the 1998 Member States' National Action Plans, this paper seeks to establish a set of fundamental policy issues concerning employment and disability.

European Council. 1996-12-20. "Community legislation in force: Resolution of the Council AND of the representatives of the governments of the member states meeting within the Council of 20 December 1996 on equality of opportunity for people with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ec9612.html

This European Council resolution affirms human rights as a fundamental value of the Member States whereas the principle of equality of opportunity for all, including people with disabilities, represents a core value. All disabled persons, whatever the origin and nature of their disability, must be entitled to concrete measures aimed at improving their social and professional integration.

European Disability Forum. 1998-03. "Guide to the Amsterdam Treaty." (PDF, 104 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/edf98.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/edf98.pdf

As a result of extensive campaign work by disability NGOs, disabled people are now visible in the Treaties. The non-discrimination clause, the provisions on social policy, the title on employment, the declaration on internal market legislation will all have practical consequences for disabled people throughout the Union.

European Network on Independent Living (ENIL). 1998-06. "Shaping Our Futures, A conference on Independent Living." (PDF, 107 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilfuture.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilfuture.pdf

Facing our futures brought together disabled experts on independent living, to share experience and map out future strategies. The conference set out to consider the social and economic arguments for independent living.

Evans, John. 2003. "The Independent Living Movement in the UK." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/evans2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

John Evans was one of the founders of Project 81 that marked the beginning of the Independent Living Movement in the UK. Since 1996 he has been the chair of the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL). In this document he gives an overview of the origin of the Independent Living Movement in the UK, it's development and evolution, as well as the current situation.

Evans, John. 2003-11. "Developments in Independent Living and Direct Payments in UK." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/evans200311.html

Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003.

Evans, John and Hasler, Frances. 1996-06. "Direct Payments Campaign in the U.K." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enildirectpayment.html

The IL movement believes that Direct Payment schemes should be a right, and thus a change in the legislation has high priority in the issues of disabled people after comprehensive civil rights legislation.

Evans, John and Hasler, Frances. 1996-06. "Direktutbetalningskampanjen i Storbritannien." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/directpayuksv.html (In Swedish.)

The IL movement believes that Direct Payment schemes should be a right, and thus a change in the legislation has high priority in the issues of disabled people after comprehensive civil rights legislation.

Fahanmahan, Farhad (intervjuer och research). 2004. "Det är samma här, men det är olika" - ett program om hur det kan vara att komma till Sverige som man med funktionshinder från Mellanöstern. 2004. Lyssna-MP3 (29:38 minuter, 27,8 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (9,8 MB). Programmet i text. Att vara invandrare och funktionshindrad beskrivs ibland som att leva med ett dubbelhandikapp. Vi frågade tre män från olika delar av mellanöstern om deras syn på hur det är att leva med funktionshinder i hemlandet och hur de upplever situationen i det svenska samhället. Deltagare:Khoudadad Bahrami, Amir Amirriazi och Attila Koüba. Intervjuer och research: Farhad Jahanmahan. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/invandring-mellanostern2003.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/invandring-mellanostern2003.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/invandring-mellanostern2003.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/invandring-mellanostern2003.html (In Swedish.)

Field, Jane. 1994. "The Fishing is Free." First recorded in 1994 on a music cassette titled, "The Fishing is Free" (available from the Next Renaissance: a catalog of disability art, culture & collectibles, 2260 Sunrise Point Rd., Las Cruces, NM 88011). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/field1994.html

Jane Field, a Canadian singer and songwriter with a disability, uses humor in her tales of disability.

Fern, Robert. 1991. "Access to services and facilities in the Canadian Parks Service." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest8.html

Robert Fern of The Canadian Parks Service (CPS) in his presentation at the CIB Seminar in Budapest, 1991, describes the Canadian Parks Service’s implementation of accessibility measures for disabled persons in the Canadian National Parks. The CPS Strategy and Action Plan emphasizes the need for persons who have hearing, visual and mobility impairments to have equal and, where possible, integrated access to park and site themes, recreational opportunities and essential services.

Ferra, José. 1993. "Svårigheterna vid prissättningen av kommunala tjänster." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#4 (In Swedish.)

Finkelstein, Vic. 1975. "To Deny or Not to Deny Disability - What is disability?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/finkelstein.html

Finkelstein, Vic. 1975. "Att förneka eller acceptera funktionshinder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/finkelsteinsv.html (In Swedish.)

Finkelstein, Vic. 1987. "Disabled People and our Culture Development." First published in Dail (Disability Arts in London) Magazine, 1987. ( PDF, 88 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein87a.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein87a.pdf

Why is disability culture a crucial component of the disability rights movement? The question is addressed by Finkelstein, a psychologist by training, tutor in Disability Studies at the Open University and Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Disability Studies, Leeds University. Finkelstein has a disability.

Finkelstein, Vic. 1989-09-19. "You Don't Have to be a Cripple if You're Disabled, The upside-down world of racist South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/finkelstein2.html

Vic Finkelstein reports on his harrowing experience with South African police, not because he is black, but because he is disabled.

Finkelstein, Vic. 2001. "A Personal Journey Into Disability Politics." First presented at Leeds University Centre for Disability Studies, 2001. ( PDF, 60 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein01a.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein01a.pdf

Finkelstein reviews the development of radical British disability organizations and his own personal history and thought in their evolution. Finkelstein, a psychologist by training, was tutor in Disability Studies at the Open University and is now Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Disability Studies, Leeds University. Finkelstein has a disability.

Finkelstein, Vic and Morrison, Elspeth. 1993. "Broken Arts And Cultural Repair: The Role Of Culture In The Empowerment Of Disabled People." First published in Swain, J., Finkelstein, V., French, S., and Oliver, M., Disabling Barriers - Enabling Environments, 1993. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/finkelstein93a.html

A discussion of how human beings come together in groups to confirm their identity and how disability arts and culture enable people with disabilities to find their way into mainstream culture. Morrison, former editor of Disability Arts in London magazine, is freelance writer, theatre director, and author of the Independent Theatre Council's book on Theatre Practice and Disability. Finkelstein, a psychologist by training, was tutor in Disability Studies at the Open University, now Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Disability Studies, Leeds University. Both authors have a disability.

Flynn, Padraig. 1998-04-17. "An EU response to Disability in the Workplace." SIPTU, DISABILITY, EQUALITY National Workshop on the Politics of Disability. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/flynn98.html

Freak Radio (bearbetad av ILI). 2004. "Assistansbrukares situation i Wien." Lyssna-RealAudio (28:40 minuter, download-RealAudio, 9,46 MB). Programmet i text. Innslag av: Katharina Zabransky, Gerhard Wagner, Irmgard Kampas, Bernhard Hruska; redaktion: Gerhard Wagner. Medverkande: Bernadette Feuerstein, Martin Kopper, Gerda Ressl, Manuela Ressl, Peter Singer. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/assistanswien-osterrike.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/assistanswien-osterrike.rm, och www.independentliving.org/radio/assistanswien-osterrike.html

Friborg, Charlotta. 1999-06-01. "Att bestämma över vardagen." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/friborg.html (In Swedish.)

I en intervju på DN:s Ledarsida efterlyser Adolf Ratzka en handikappolitik som bygger på egenmaktsperspektivet, en politik som inte tar ifrån människor deras självrespekt. (In Swedish.)

Frieden, Lex. 1980. "Independent Living Models." In: Rehabilitation Literature, Special Article, July-August, 1980, Vol 41, No. 7-8, pp. 169-173. A-289. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/frieden1980.html.

Fränti, Marttiina and Könkkölä, Maija. 1991. "National report on Finnish access legislation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest9.html

Galvin, Donald E. 1980-06. "Policy Issues in Independent Living Rehabilitation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/galvin198006.html

Ghaem, Gisoo. 1991. "Research on urban planning and architecture for disabled persons in Iran - Establishing design criteria." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest10.html

Gill, Carol J. 1995. "A Psychological View of Disability Culture." First published in Disability Studies Quarterly, Fall 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gill1995.html

Why do we need a culture, what is it, and what does it means for those of us who feel the need to be categorized in it? Dr. Gill is disabled, an Assistant Professor of Human Development and Director of the Chicago Center for Disability Research, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois, Chicago.

Gill, Carol J. 1999-04. "Facts About Disability and 'Quality of Life'." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gill99.html

Gill, Carol J. 1999-04. "Korrekta fakta om funktionshinder och 'livskvalitet'." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gill99sv.html (In Swedish.)

If only Kevorkian and others would read the research literature before deciding it is reasonable to want to die when you have an extensive disability!

Godinho, Francisco. 1999. "Portuguese Parliament promotes Web Accessibility." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/portweb.html

Portugal became the fourth country in the world to officially promote web accessibility for people with disabilities, after the United States, Australia and Canada.

Golden, Marilyn. 1991. "The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990: An activist's perspective." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest11.html

In her presentation, Marilyn Golden of the Disability Rights and Education Defense Fund, U.S.A., talks about the series of laws against discrimination that the disability movement in the US has achieved, their limitations, and how they are enforced. An account is given of the extensive grass-roots activities and coalition building which took place prior to the enactment of the ADA of 1990.

Golden, Marilyn. 1999. "Department of Transportation (DOT) Finishes Greyhound Regulation -- Proposes Bus Companies Must Document Lack of Service." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/golden1999.html

Grunewald, Karl. 2005-05. "Experiences with Successful Policy for Community- Based Services." Intenet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/grunewald200505.html

Grunewald, Karl. 2003. "Close the Institutions for the Intellectually Disabled - Everyone Can Live in the Open Society." A pamphlet on the European Year of People with Disabilities. Intenet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/grunewald2003.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/grunewald2003.pdf

Guttmann, Eva Janzon. 1998-09-05. "Minister som värnar." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ejg1998.html

Sociala skyddsnät och omsorg om alla grupper i samhället. Så vill vi gärna tro att det är i Sverige. Men för många människor med funktionshinder ser verkligheten annorlunda ut. (In Swedish.)

Hagan, E. Ben and Wellington, H. N. A. 1992. "Opportunities and constraints for access legislation in Ghana." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare7.html

This paper by E. Ben Hagan and H. N. A. Wellington of the Building & Road Research Institute, Dept. of Architecture, University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, analyses existing socio-cultural and institutional arrangements in Ghana in order to provide a basis for proposing a strategy to achieve access legislation within the prevailing development context.

Hahn, Harlan. 1987. "Civil Rights FOR Disabled Americans: The Foundation of a Political Agenda." In A. Gartner and T. Joe (Eds.), Images of the Disabled, Disabling Images. New York: Praeger. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hahn.html

The primary goal of this paper by Harlan Hahn of the University of Southern California is to examine crucial areas of agreement and disagreement about the "minority group model" (views prejudice and discrimination as the major issues confronting citizens with disabilities) both within and between disabled and nondisabled segments of the population, and to develop a case for the benefits that can be derived from policies founded on a socio-political understanding of disability.

Hahn, Harlan. 1985. "Toward a Politics of Disability: Definitions, Disciplines, and Policies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hahn2.html

The purpose of this study, published in 1985 in Social Science Journal, 22(4), 87-105, is to examine the values contained in three major definitions of disability, to examine the policy implications of each of these definitions, and to appraise the extent to which research in various disciplines of the social sciences has facilitated or impeded the development of a new conceptualization of the issue.

Handi Cap Evasion. 1997. "What is a Joëlette?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/joelette.html

Read about how one parent's invention made travelling easier and more pleasant for his son, despite the latter's disability. The Handi Cap Evasion Website is at www.hce.asso.fr/eng/ (in English and French).

Handi Cap Evasion. 1997. "Peru 1997." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Peru1997.html

See how travelling with a disability just got easier with the Joëlette in action on a trip to Peru, where even the toughest terrain can be conquered with this wonderful invention!

Handikappombudsmannen and Independent Living Sverige. 1998-08-24. "Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr00.html

This introduction to the conference on Legislation for Human Rights held in Stockholm on August 24, 1998, presents links to reports by experts from several countries with anti-discrimination legislation in connection with disability about how the legislation has functioned in their countries and their reflections on the situation of disabled people in their respective countries.

Handikappombudsmannen och Independent Living Sverige. 1998-08-24. "Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter, 24 augusti 1998, Stockholm." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr0.html (In Swedish.)

This introduction to the conference on Legislation for Human Rights held in Stockholm on August 24, 1998, presents links to reports by experts from several countries with anti-discrimination legislation in connection with disability about how the legislation has functioned in their countries and their reflections on the situation of disabled people in their respective countries.

Handikappombudsmannen and Independent Living Sverige. 1998-08-24. "Discussion from August 24th, 1998." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr11.html

This is the transcript of a panel discussion on the topic of constitutional laws and anti-discrimination legislation for persons with disabilities.

Hardus, Alwine. 1998. "Boss in your own home: Client Linked Budget." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/hardus.html

"Client-linked budget" is a system of direct payments for personal assistance services. This outlines the Dutch service, comparing it with "help in kind."

Hardus, Alwine. 1998. "Det är du som bestämmer: Brukarstryd budget för att ordna assistans (Direct Payments)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/hardussv.html (In Swedish.)

"Client-linked budget" is a system of direct payments for personal assistance services. This outlines the Dutch service, comparing it with "help in kind."

Harrington, Candy. 1999. "The Problem with Travel Misinformation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ch1999.html

The biggest problem for travelers with disabilities is the alarming increase of misinformation about accessible travel, claims Candy Harrington.

Harrington, Candy. 1999. "Problemet med desinformation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ch1999sv.html (In Swedish.)

The biggest problem for travelers with disabilities is the alarming increase of misinformation about accessible travel, claims Candy Harrington.

Harrison, James D. 1991. "Recent advances in accessibility legislation and incentives in Singapore." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest12.html

This paper, by James D. Harrison from the School of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore, describes the situation for disabled persons in Singapore, and the background leading up to proposals on accessibility which called for the introduction of a mandatory Accessibility Code for all buildings (including existing ones).

Hasler, Frances. 2003. "Philosophy of Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/hasler2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

The author summarises the philosophy of independent living by quoting Philip Mason, John Evans, Adolf Ratzka, Martin McNaughton, and others. Included is a summary of the seven “basic needs" of independent living identified by Derbyshire CIL.

Hasler, Frances. 2003-03. "A summary of the Department of Health (DoH) Figures for Direct Payments Users in the UK in 2002." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/hasler200303.html

Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003.

Hassan, Javad. 1991. "Disabled People and Attitudinal Barriers." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev1.html#anchor2555386

Javad Hassan, President of the Association of Physically Disabled Persons, Islamabad, Pakistan, describes the deplorable situation and lack of opportunities for disabled persons in his country. Attitudes and poverty have created a situation that can only be changed through a movement for equal rights and independence by and for disabled people.

Hassan, Javed. 1992. "Essentials of a comprehensive accessibility legislation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare8.html

Javad Hassan, President of the Association of Physically Disabled Persons, Islamabad, Pakistan, emphasizes that social integration of disabled people into society is dependant on their ability to physically participate in it. He describes the components for a strong legal instrument to ensure that all buildings and facilities meant for use by the general public would be usable and safe for all, which includes effective enforcement and implementation clauses and which provides for legal proceedings in case of non-compliance.

Hawkins, Candace. 2000-06-28. "Memo to the World." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hawkins2000.html

Are public funds to be used for nursing homes or for paying personal assistants in one's own home? Missouri opened the way to freedom.

Hayes, Dennis C. "A Vision of the Web." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hayes1.html

Dennis C. Hayes, chairman of the trade association US Internet Industry Association, was directly involved in building the first production models of the PC modem. He has a visual impairment and tells why he supports the lawsuit by nine visually-impaired residents of Massachusetts along with the American Federation of the Blind against America Online because of the inaccessibility of their software. He explains why this is a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act and calls for accessibility to the Internet for people with disabilities.

HELIOS. 1996. "HELIOS II: Social Integration and Independent Living. The Elimination of Socio-psychological Barriers: Assistance in Daily Living." (PDF, 101 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/heliosii.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/heliosii.pdf; and www.independentliving.org/docs1/heliosiisv.html (in Swedish).

This report is intended to help set a new agenda for improving the quality of life for people with disabilities so that their needs can be met throughout the European Union.

HELIOS. 1996. "HELIOS II: Sammanfattning av undersökningen om service med personlig assistans i Europa. Beskrivning och utvärdering av den bästa servicenmed personlig assistans i ditt land." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/heliosiisv.html. (In Swedish.)

Hellman, Finn (reporter och producent). 2006. "Skit i normerna och börja lev" - ett program om funktionshinder och sex. Lyssna-MP3 (36:40 minuter, 34,4 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (19,8 MB). Programmet i text. Vi bjuder på recensioner av tre sexupplysande tidskrifter och besöker en kraschad kärleksmiddag. Men framförallt undersöker vi om ett mer avromantiserat synsätt på sex skulle gagna personer med funktionshinder. Hör varför sexologen Carol Queen rekommenderar funktionshindrade att ta efter Sado-masochister och lyssna till Stefan Reitersjös  piskor och tankar kring assistans och bondage. Reporter och producent: Finn Hellman. Medverkar gör även: Susanne Berg, Sebastian Ferrer, Carol Queen och Stefan Reitersjö. (In Swedish.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/skit-i-normerna.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/skit-i-normerna.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/skit-i-normerna.rm och www.independentliving.org/radio/skit-i-normerna.html

Hellman, Finn (reporter och producent). 2006. "Mediebilden av funktionshinder" - ett program om fördomar, förebilder och allt vad det nu är. Lyssna-MP3 (32:37 minuter, 30,6 MB). Vissa får inte namnskyltar som andra, vissa får inte några direkta frågor. Hör Cecilia Blanck och Kerstin Selin berätta om hur Sveriges Television särbehandlar intellektuellt funktionshindrade. Och lyssna till Anna Bergholtz, blind journalist som öppnar ögon - i det här programmet i form av en lista på tips till icke-funktionshindrade kollegor. Missa inte heller när Elisabet Höglund bemöter kritik som riktats mot ett av hennes reportage.Reporter och producent: Finn Hellman. Medverkande: Kerstin Sellin, Cecilia Blanck. Elisabeth Höglund, Anna Bergholtz. Teknik: Wei Wei Jin. (In Swedish.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/radio/mediebilden-av-funktionshinde.mp3

Hershey, Laura. 1993. "From Poster Child to Protester." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hershey93.html

Former "Poster Child", Laura Hershey, criticizes and protests fundraising telethons such as Jerry Lewis' Muscular Dystrophy event, claiming they use pity and bigotry and insult people with disabilities.

Heumann, Judith E. 1984. "Independent Living Movement: organizing for an active, disabled old age." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools28.html

Judith E. Heumann explains what the Independent Living Movement is and what Independent Living Centres and how large numbers of other elderly disabled people could benefit greatly from services delivered by Independent Living centers. The World Institute on Disability's objectives in this regard are to work with appropriate organizations to raise awareness about aging and disability and to recommend policies which support elderly persons with disabilities.

Heumann, Judith E. 1998-08-23. "Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823c.html

From her perspective as Assistant Secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (USA), Judy Heumann speaks on disability rights.

Heumann, Judith E. 1998-08-24. "The Implications of ADA for Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr4.html

There is a strong need for civil rights legislation in all countries. To those who continue studying whether or not there is a need for anti-discrimination legislation, it is time to stop studying and to start legislating!

Heumann, Judith E. 2003. "Foreword to The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/heumann2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Judith E. Heumann, MPH (Masters in Public Health), Advisor on Disability and Development, The World Bank tells about her own life and how as she was continually aware of the invisibility of disabled people in society. In her work with the World Bank, she has travelled widely and points out, "Poverty and social discrimination have gone hand in hand."

Hill, Linda. "Discovering Connections." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hillbook.html

Book review of "Discovering Connections" by Linda Hill and the Cowichan Valley Independent Living Resource Center, a new guide book to the fun of bridging disability differences is an excellent peer support resource.

Holland, Ira E. 1995-07. "Consumer Directed Personal Care Assistance - Lobbying Against Government Cutbacks." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/holland95.html

Ira Holland outlines the strategy Concepts of Independence used in lobbying against 1995 government cutbacks in home care services.

Hotchkiss, Ralf. 1992. "Manufacturing assistive devices in developing countries." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools32.html

Independence through Mobility by Ralf Hotchkiss is a book about the nuts and bolts of starting a shop and producing the Hotchkiss manual wheelchair with a minimum of equipment, materials, skills and capital in Third World countries.

Hrdá, Jana. 1999-07-28. "Czech Republic warehouses disabled people - Money Earmarked for Creation of Institutions." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/czechinst.html

Jana Hrdá, Director of the Prague Center for Independent Living, appeals to the international disability community to write letters protesting the planned construction of more institutions for disabled people in her country. A letter by the Director of the Independent Living Institute points out the detrimental psychological, social and economic effects of warehousing disabled people in institutions. Instead, evidence shows that funds spent on personal assistance and housing adaptation yield high returns for individual and society.

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Australia. 2000-03-31. "Accessibility of electronic commerce and new service and information technologies for older Australians and people with a disability - Report of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission on a reference from the Attorney-General." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hreo2000.html

Submissions and research have confirmed and added to the Commission’s initial understanding that digital technologies offer great potential in providing more effective and economical access to government and business information and services, and improved prospects for equal opportunity in many areas of life including education, for all Australians including older people and people with a disability. Work for this report has confirmed to the Commission that physical barriers, affordability and equipment access barriers, and attitudinal and awareness barriers are preventing some Australians with a disability and some older Australians from having equally effective access to e-commerce and other services using new technologies.

Hurst, Rachael. 1998-02. "Leading Disabled Activist, Awarded Highest U.S. Honour." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/hurst98a.html

In February 1998, disability activist Justin Dart was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom - the highest civilian honour in the USA.

Hurst, Rachel. 1998-06. "Human Rights and Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilfuture2.html#anchor10

Rachel Hurst, of Disabled People's International, speaks at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference, Shaping Our Futures. She argues that Independent living is the solution to ensuring self-determination and the free pursuit of an individual's economic and social development.

Hurst, Rachel. 1999. "Training Manual for Media and Disability Rights." ISBN: 1 89037 31 0. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hursttm99.html

Rachel Hurst is the Director of Disability Awareness in Action, London, England. The document is a training manual for organisations of disabled people, as guidance for seminars with the media on disability as a rights issue. It is based on a three-day seminar where media delegates from all over English speaking Africa met in Harare, Zimbabwe in 1998 to share experiences and to work out a way for using the media to get the human rights message across. As well as a suggested programme for a seminar on media and disability rights, organisational guidance and tips for trainers and workshop leaders are provided which should prove useful for any training seminar or workshop that organisations may wish to run on any other subject.

Hurst, Rachel. 2000-11. "Bioethics and disability." (PDF, 123 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 3. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/hurst00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

In her report on bioethics and disability, Rachel Hurst, Director of Disability Awareness in Action, London, England, states that bio-ethics should be a debate on how genetic and medical advances can be used for the benefit of society. Disabled people are not being given full and equal access to this debate and decisions are being made that seriously threaten their future and humanity. Disabled people must be at the forefront of the debate to uphold their human rights to life, dignity and freedom.

Iglesias, M.; Gil, G.; Joneken, A.; Mickler, B.; Knudsen, J.S. 1998. "Violence and Disabled Women." Version española. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/iglesiasetal1998.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/iglesiasetal1998sp.html

The report describes the situation of women with disabilities who are abused, analyzes various types of violence, describes general policies combatting violence against women with disabilities in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Spain, and offers policy recommendations. It was carried out under the METIS project, European Unión DAPHNE initiativ.

Iglesias, M.; Gil, G.; Joneken, A.; Mickler, B.; Knudsen, J.S. 1998. "Violencia y la Mujer con Discapacidad, METIS, iniciativa DAPHNE de la Union Europea." English version. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/iglesiasetal1998sp.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/iglesiasetal1998.html

The report describes the situation of women with disabilities who are abused, analyzes various types of violence, describes general policies combatting violence against women with disabilities in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Spain, and offers policy recommendations.

IM. 2003-05. "‘Taxi för Alla’ får med beröm godkänt!" Nollåtta. DHR Stockholmavdelning. Maj 2003, s. 9. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/nollatta200305s9.pdf (PDF, 115 KB).

Imparato, Andrew J. 1999-06-28. "Toward an Inclusive Definition of Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/imparato.html

In reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on their interpretation of the definition of "disability," the National Council on Disability (NCD) is submitting this inclusive definition of disability by Andy Imparato.

Independent Living Institute. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och svårigheter i decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html (In Swedish.)

Independent Living Institute. 1997-2008. "Institutet för Independent Livings verksamhetsberättelse." År: 2008,2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997 och 1996. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2008.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2007.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2006.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2005.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2004.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2003.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2002.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2001.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls2000.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls1999.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls1998.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls1997.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls1996.html

Independent Living Institute. 1997-2008. "Institutet for Independent Living's Annual Reports." Years: 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, and 1996. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2008.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2007.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2006.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2005.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2004.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2003.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2002.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2001.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp2000.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp1999.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp1998.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp1997.html, www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp1996.html

Independent Living Institute. 1999. "Independent Living World Summit." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ils0.html

The first global meeting on Independent Living was convened in Washington, D.C., September 21-25, 1999. Over 100 leaders evaluated the movement's 30 year old history and set the agenda for the future. This publication provides links to conference reports and reflections from participants in their respective languages.

Independent Living Institute. 2003-03. "Välkommen till Taxi för alla-seminariet i Stockholm den 19 mars 2003" (In Swedish.) Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/taxi20030319.html

Independent Living Institute. 2003. "Taxiprojekt gav livskvalitet." Svensk Handikapptidskrift 3/03, s. 13. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/sv-handikap2-03s13.pdf (PDF, 38 KB).

Independent Living Institute. 2004. "Assistansbrukares situation i Slovakien." 2004. Lyssna-RealAudio (29:58 minuter, download-RealAudio, 9,89 MB). Programmet i text. Intervjuer med: Anton Benca, Lydia Brichtova, Ivana Camajova, Andrea Madunová och Milan Popovic. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-slovakien.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-slovakien.rm, och www.independentliving.org/radio/assistans-slovakien.html

Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Program. 1999. "Perspectivas Globales Sobre Vida Independiente Para El Proximo Milenio. Washington, D.C. 21-25 de setiembre de 1999." (PDF, 263 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ils99sp.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/ils99sp.pdf

Ingelstam, Anders. 2002-12. "Taxi för Alla - En kvalitativ utvärdering av ett pilotprojek." Internet publikation URLs: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ingelstam200212.pdf (PDF, 58 KB) och www.independentliving.org/taxi/ingelstam200212.doc (Word format, 85 KB) (In Swedish).

Ingelstam, Anders. 2003-03. "Taxi för alla-projektets utvärdering - kvalitativ sammanfattning." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ingelstam200303.html

International Convention for Disabled High School Students. 2002-05. "Essay Contest: Disabled High School Students Can Win an All Expences Paid Trip to Japan" (Application deadline 1 July 2002).

Swedish disabled high school student Yasmin Jungestedt won an essay competition and a trip to Japan to take part in the10th annual camp for high school students organized by the Japanese Independent Living Movement. Links to her prize-winning essay and her account of the time she spent in Japan meeting other high school students with disabilities from Japan and around the world as well as information about the essay contest and the 10th International Convention for Disabled High School Students are presented.

International Council for Building Research. See "CIB".

International Disability Foundation. "No More Exclusion - International Day of Persons with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/idf-world-dev.html

This press release announces the publication of the World Disability Report by the International Disability Foundation, a GLADNET member, on the occasion of the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The REPORT’s aim was to produce a "global overview" of disability issues.

International Labour Organisation. 1983. "C159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983." Internet publication URL: Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ilo-conv-c159.html

In 1983 The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation adopted the Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention in Geneva.

International Labour Organisation. 1983. "R168 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Recommendation, 1983." Internet publication URL: Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/ docs4/docs4/ilo-conv-r168.html

This document is a Recommendation adopted by The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation in Geneva in 1983 and supplements the C159 Convention. The document seeks to set forth new international standards concerning the need to ensure equality of opportunity and treatment to all categories of disabled persons, in both rural and urban areas, for employment and integration into the community.

Internet Industry Association of Australia. 2000-08-28. "IIA Warns SOGOC: Disability Web Decision Puts Businesses on Notice." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/sydney-olympics-blind-accessibility-decision-press-release.html

In the wake of the court decision against the Sydney Olympics organizers, Australian businesses and authorities oversee their websites' access.

Ishikawa, Jun and Nagase, Osamu (eds.). 1998. "Invitation to Disability Studies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nagase.html

Invitation to Disability Studies is a collection of texts and resources by persons with disabilities for disabled people. (in Japanese.)

Jagau, K. 1996. "Zur Pflegeversicherung." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/zurpfleg.html

Lange Jahre war eine Pflegeversicherung ein umkämpftes, ein strittiges Thema. Unbenommen war von allen Seiten immer zu hören, daß es nötig sei, das Pflegefallrisiko abzusichern. (In German.)

Jagoe, Kathryn. 1995. "Opening universities to students with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/UCapeTown95.html

The Disability Unit at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. aims to 'mainstream' rather than follow the 'welfare model' and to dismantle the many barriers that inhibit students and staff who have disabilities or chronic illnesses, from participating equally and fully in all aspects of the University.

Jagoe, Kathryn. 1997-11. "Progress Report Re: Disability Unit, UCT and National Disability Work." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/JagoeUTC.html

The Disability Unit at University of Cape Town, South Africa, has been an effective catalyst of change, both locally and nationally. This report reviews our past achievements and future directions.

Jagoe, Kathryn. "The Disability Rights Movement - its development in South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools6.html#anchor427066

All over the world traditional welfare and health professionals alone have been totally unable to substantially diminish handicaps faced by people with disabilities. We need to change attitudes and break down barriers for all people with disabilities.

2009-09-07: Jaillet, C. 2009. "The role of relative helpers in the Swedish personal assistance system." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/jaillet2009relative-helpers-in-sweden. Original Version in French "La place des aidants familiaux dans le système d'assistance personnelle suédoise"

2009-09-07: Jaillet, C. 2009. "From institutions to independent living: the need of peer-support and education programs" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/jaillet2009institutions-to-independent-living. Original Version in French "De la dé-institutionnalisation à la vie autonome : la nécessité des systèmes de formations et de la pair-émulation"

Jidéus, Björn. 1993. "STIL som komplement till de kommunala tjänsterna." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#5 (In Swedish.)

Ji-young, Kwon. 2005-05-19. "Korea: Disabled Hope for Infrastructure for Support." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ji-young2005019.html

Jürgens, Andreas. 1995-11-13. "'Long-term Care Insurance' and Its Impact on the Population." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/paGermany.html

For many people with disabilities, the term "Long-Term Care Insurance" suggests that self-determination is in jeopardy. Experience justifies these anxieties, and reality is much worse.

Kafka, Bob. 1999. "Act calls for care choice." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/kafka.html

Bob Kafka outlines the Medicaid Community Attendant Services Act, MiCASA. The bill would allow individuals the choice to use their entitlements for community-based services (personal assistance services).

Kaplan, Karen. 1999. "High-Tech Dawn for People with Disabilities: Typing by Eye Movement, Non-Visual." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/karenkaplan.html

High-tech solutions attract a lot of interest. Whether people with disabilities can actually benefit from them remains to be seen.

Karnström, Helena. 1993. "Varför jag är med i STIL." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#8 (In Swedish.)

Katatsumuri & Tsubasa. "I Want Out: A Play by Disabled People Living in the Community." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/katatsumuri-tsubasa.html

This play is about situations disabled people have encountered living in institutions and coming into contact with prejudicial attitudes, and the feeling of freedom they experience when they leave institutions and are able to live independently.

Katz, Ruth. 1998. "The Home and Community-Based Services Work Group, partners with state, consumers, and others to advance the PAS agenda." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar4985.html

This article discusses how the Administration (US Government) balances the goal of providing more flexibility and choice for people with disabilities with the need to ensure that the services are cost effective.

Kawauchi, Yoshi. 2000-10. "New Japanese Legislation on Accessible Public Transportation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/japan001027.html

This brief comment by Yoshi Kawauchi, architect, access specialist and advocate, Tokyo, Japan, is critical of the new Japanese legislation on access in public transportation. While appreciating the law as a first step towards improvement, he is critical because the law is not a civil rights law and has no procedure for consumers to file complaints, does not include taxicabs because of political pressure, and does not cover people with developmental disabilities or psychiatric disabilities.

Kelles-Viitanen, Anita. 1999. "Disability, Poverty Reduction and Social Development." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi2992.html

Anita Kelles-Viitanen of the Asian Development Bank examines the objectives of the Bank in regard to poverty reduction and improving the quality of life of all people in Asia and the Pacific.

Khalfan, H. 1992. "UWZ efforts in improving accessibility in Zanzibar Stone Town." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare10.html

This report by H. Khalfan to the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Harare 1992, relates why Zanzibar Stone Town is inaccessible for persons with disabilities. He presents steps being taken to improve the situation.

King, Audrey. 2000. "The Darker Ages: What's Wrong With Institutions?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/king8_00.html

Audrey King, M.A., an internationally known writer, speaker, and advocate on disability issues, shares observations about life in institutions gathered from 30 years of working as a rehabilitation professional. She describes how institutional structures pose a consistent dynamic tension between individual autonomy and system procedures, which are often resistant to change and necessarily geared to cost and procedure efficiencies.

King, Audrey. 2003-07-24. Column: "Remarkable Teachers - Mr. Winter." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/king20030724.html

This is a account by Audrey King, M.A., an internationally known writer, speaker, and advocate on disability issues, about Mr. Winter, a high school teacher who made a difference by making sure that Ms. King, in a wheelchair because of polio, was included in the school community in every way.

Kleinfield, Sonny. "Declaring independence in Berkeley." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools2.html

Written in the late 1960s, Kleinfield observed; "At the Center for Independent Living in Berkeley, California, one encounters the revolution in microcosm. People with disabilities were living independent lives thanks to the CIL."

Konczei, Gyorgy. 1998. "Genesis of the Hungarian Anti-Discrimination Legislation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr9.html

Hungary is leaving the old fashioned approach to disability, characterised by pity, paternalism, charity and a medical approach, and is taking on a legal approach which acknowledges the rights of disabled citizens.

Konczei, Gyorgy. 1999-02. "Rethinking Disability and Discrimination - A social and economic approach (Comparative Study)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/equalisingopps.html and www.independentliving.org/docs5/equalisingopps.pdf

Kose, Satoshi. 1991. "Design guidelines of public collective housing for the aging society in Japan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest13.html

Satoshi Kose, from the Building Design and Use Division, Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan, describes the Ministry of Construction's project aimed at solving the problem of housing for the aged, in terms of both policy on housing supply and guidelines for dwelling design. Some of the practical requirements will be: elimination of level differences within dwellings; provision of handrails to assist moving about; promotion of the development of building facilities that are suited to the needs of the aged persons, etc.

Kose, Satoshi. 1991. "Elderly people and their accident experiences: Implication for the design of safer and easier-to-use dwellings." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest14.html

In Japan, the 65-years-and-over age group has been rapidly increasing. Satoshi Kose, from the Building Design and Use Division, Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan, discusses dwelling design for elderly people based on convenience and safety of residents. He bases his discussion on the results of two surveys conducted as a cooperative research by BRI, Asahi Chemical Co., Ltd. Housing Department, and Sekisui House Co., Tokyo Design Department.

Krause, Carol. 1999-08. "Federal Resource Center for Women with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nwhic.html

The Office of Women's Health in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) announces the first-ever federal resource center for women with disabilities as part of the expanding National Women's Health Information Center (NWHIC).

Kruse, Douglas L.; Schriner, Kay; Schur, Lisa; and Shields, Todd. 1999-04. "A Study of the Political Behavior of People with Disabilities - What Determines Voter Turnout, Executive Summary: Empowerment through Civic Participation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/disvoters.html

Are people with disabilities as likely as those without disabilities to vote, and to engage in other forms of political and civic participation? If not, why not?

Kulkarni V.R. "Thinking care." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/kulkarni.html

A comprehensive legislation called the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act 1995, was passed by the Indian Parliament and the Act came into force on February 7, 1996. V. R. Kulkarni, the National Coordinator for the CBR Network, describes how the provisions contained in this legislation, assuring equal opportunities in all walks of life and guaranteeing non-discrimination and removal of barriers, have been poorly met for a number of reasons.

Kulkarni V.R. "A Comparative Study of the United Nations Standard Rules and India's Persons With Disabilities Act 1995." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/kulkarni-un.html

V. R. Kulkarni, National Coordinator for the CBR Network in India describes how some very vital provisions of the United Nations “The Standard Rules on Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities" are not met in the Indian legislation on disability, The Persons with Disabilities Act.

Kulkhanchit, Topong. 1999. "First fully accessible city buses in Thailand." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/thaibus.html

On August 5, 1999 Thailand's first accessible buses will begin accommodating passengers with disabilities on routes in Bangkok.

Kumar, Paul R. "Kaliforniens offentliga förvaltning - Framväxten av en modell för konsument/brukarstyrd personlig assistans." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/kumar.html (In Swedish.)

Kurylowicz, Ewa. 1991. "Adaptation of a theatre in Krakow, Poland." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest15.html

In May 1991, the 19th century Slowackiego Theatre in Krakow, Poland was scheduled to host the International Conference on Security and Cooperation. This paper discusses adaptations made to parts of the building so that the needs and interests of people with disabilities could better be served.

Könkkölä, Kalle. 1998-08-23. "Presentation at the Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823b.html

Kalle Könkkölä discusses the organization's perspective on human rights.

Könkkölä, Kalle. 1998-08-23. "Presentation vid Seminarium om mänskliga rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning ur ett nord- och sydperspektiv Stockholm, Sverige 23 augusti 1998." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823bsv.html (In Swedish.)

Könkkölä, Kalle and Saraste, Heini (eds.). "Guide for making a disability program in your local community." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/konkkol1.html

Using the UN Standard Rules as a guide, this "Toolbox" helps people with disabilties estimate their community's and country's response to potential discrimination.

Könkkölä, Maija. 1994-05-18. "Ett problem eller en utmaning? Att anpassa offentliga byggnader för rörelsehindrade." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/konkkola94.html (In Swedish.)

Lagadien, Fadila. 1993. "The Power of Potential of People with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/lagadien.html

Fadila Lagadien looks at the social, attitudinal and physical barriers that handicap a person with a disability, resulting in their unacknowledged and unused potential.

Lagadien, Fadila. 1995. "Personal Assistance for Independent Living Programme (PAIL), Republic of South Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ProposlPASouthAfrica.html

The immediate objective of the PAIL Programme is that by the end of the project period a minimum of five hundred severely disabled people per year per operational region will have achieved greater independence than in 1995 in South Africa.

Lagadien, Fadila. 1996. "Remove Barriers in Employment for Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/fadila96.html

Fadila Lagadien challenges the existing perception that disabled people cannot engage in gainful or meaningful employment as they are believed to be sick, and sick people belong in hospital.

Lagadien, Fadila. 1997. "Disabled Women and the Media - Presentation for National Women's Day." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/fadila97.html

Fadila Lagadien considers how media communicates images of the estimated 13 per cent of disabled South Africans, especially women with disabilities.

Lagadien, Fadila. 1997. "Presentation för nationella kvinnodagen 1997 Telekom - firande inför kvinnodagen."Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/fadila97sv.html (In Swedish.)

Fadila Lagadien considers how media communicates images of the estimated 13 per cent of disabled South Africans, especially women with disabilities.

Langvad, Stig. "The Danish Model of independent living, according to Law on Social Service §77." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/langvad.html

Stig Langvad cites the Danish legislation, Social Law §77, in listing responsibilities of the Danish Government and requirements of personal assistance service users regarding "independent living arrangements".

Lappalainen, Paul. "Diskriminering och funktionshinder: En jämförande juridisk överblick." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/lappalainen1.html

En kort överblick vad gäller den nationella lagstiftningen i vissa länder, med viss fokus på diskriminering i arbetslivet på grund av funktionshinder samt vissa andra åtgärder som kan vara av intresse. (In Swedish.)

Leone, Jayne. 1997. "Power, Control, Confidence, and Courage." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Leone97.html

Becoming an active participant in what happens to you requires that you feel empowered, exercise self-control, feel self-confident and have courage.

Lewis, Julie. 1990. "Multi-Million Dollar Hatchery for Guyana." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2596387

Julie Lewis, a member of the Guyana Coalition of Citizens with Disability (GCCD), describes a hatchery project undertaken by the GCCD which aims to provide employment for disabled persons by producing baby chicks and selling them to persons with disabilities to rear. Thus, these people are able to earn a living for themselves and their families as well as to make a tangible contribution to the society as a whole.

Life Station One-Step Katatsumuri. "About Life Station One-Step Katatsumuri." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/katatsumuri.html

Life Station One-Step Katatsumuri is a group in Japan which is working toward a society in which everyone can live like human beings. The extent of the discrimination faced and the suffering imposed upon disabled people in Japan is addressed in this presentation of the group.

Light, Richard. 2000-03. "Beijing Declaration on Disabled Persons in the New Millennium." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/light200003.html

This editorial by Richard Light, Research & Publications Director of Disability Awareness in Action first presents the content of a resolution taken at the World NGO Summit on Disability in Beijing regarding an international convention on the rights of all disabled people. He then goes on to decry the number of expert conferences, special programmes and political initiatives that have failed to yield real progress with regard to action on discrimination against people with disabilities.

Light, Richard. 2000-11. "Recording human rights abuses against persons with disabilities: practical issues revealed by the Disability Awareness in Action Human Rights Project." (PDF, 143 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 2. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/docs2/light00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Lindqvist, Bengt. 1998-08-24. "Erfarenheter av lagstiftning internationellt." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr3.html

Bengt Lindqvist, FN:s speciella rapportör om standardreglerna, inleder Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter i Stockholm, Sverige. (In Swedish.)

Literacy Volunteers of America. 1999. "Disabled to Raise Funds for Non-Disabled - Labor Day weekend radio event to benefit Literacy Volunteers of America." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/onarollathon1999.html

To show that people with disabilities - like all other humans - can be both on the receiving and giving end, "On A Roll," the weekly syndicated radio program on disability lifestyle issues, produced by people with disabilities, raised funds for Literacy Volunteers of America, Inc. (LVA) through an on-air event on Sept. 5, 1999.

Litvak, Simi. 1998. "Personal Assistance Service Policy: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/

Dr. Simi Litvak examines the current state of Personal Assistance Services (PAS), and how they might be improved in a fiscal, quality, and humanitarian sense.

Longmore, Paul K. 1995. "The Second Phase: From Disability Rights to Disability Culture." First published in DISABILITY RAG & RESOURCE, Sept./Oct. 1995. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/longm95.html

Longmore, Professor of History and Director of the Institute on Disability at San Francisco State University, describes how the American disability rights movement moved in the mid-1990s from a focus on rights to a quest for collective identity.

Longmore, Paul K. 1996-09-08. "Denounce Kevorkian." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/longmore96.html

It is long past time for the disability community to respond to Jack Kevorkian's lethal assaults on our people. At least half of the people whose suicides he has abetted have been disabled.

Longmore, Paul K. 1999-04-20. "Testifying in protest against assisted suicide Bill." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/longmore1592.html

A testimony before the Assembly Judiciary Committee against AB 1592 which would legalize physician assisted suicide in California. The committee voted for the bill 8 to 7 - there is a long fight ahead.

MacNamara, Roger. "Abuse Prevention Specialists - Instilling Emotionally Responsible Caregiving Values in Direct care staff and Supervisors." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/macnamara.html

MacNamara, Roger. "Specialisterna för förebyggande av övergrepp - Att förmedla känslomässigt ansvarsfulla värderingar för omvårdnad hos vårdpersonal och arbetsledare." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/macnamarasv.html (In Swedish.)

Mahoney, K.J.; Simon-Rusinowitz, L.; Desmond, S.M.; Shoop, D.M.; Squillace, M.R.; and Fay, R.A. 1998. "Determining Consumers' Preferences for a Cash Option: New York Survey Findings." ( PDF, 60 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar498.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar498.pdf

The purpose of this article is to present findings from a telephone survey conducted in New York to assess consumers' preliminary interest in the cash option when compared to traditional services.

Maine CITE Coordinating Center. 2000-06-21. "Universal Design: Maine's Opportunity To Lead the Way To Information Access For Everyone." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/maine-web-accessibility.html

In September 1997, leaders from Maine State government, business, education, and the non-profit community gathered for the Conference, Maximizing Economic Potential. The Conference looked at how government and education can lead the way in ensuring that information technologies accommodate differing needs and provide access for everyone. This report is the outcome of that effort.

Majiet, Shanaaz. 1998-08-23. "Human Rights from Disabled Peoples' Perspective in Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823d.html

Shanaaz Majiet speaks on human rights and disability from the perspective of the African continent.

Malinga, Joshua T. 2003. "The African View of Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/malinga2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Joshua T. Malinga, Secretary General, Pan African Federation of the Disabled (PAFOD), and Past World Chairperson, Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) gives an overview of Indepedent Living in Africa. He concludes that, "Independent Living in Africa is basically in theory form and is still in its rudimental stages due to a number of factors."

Martin, Reed. "Flagpole Mom Still Flying High." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/martin.html

Martinez, Kathy. 2003. "Independent Living in the U.S. & Canada." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/martinez2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Kathy Martinez is International Director and Deputy Director of the World Institute on Disability, Oakland, USA. She gives an overview of events in the U.S. and Canada that made the independent living movement possible. She also covers the basic philosophy of the U.S. IL movement, as well as emerging issues and trends that challenge the IL movement.

Martinez, Kathy, and Duncan, Barbara. 2003-09. "The Road to Independent Living in the USA: an historical perspective and contemporary challenges." Reprinted form "Disability World, A bimonthly web-zine of international disability news and views," Issue no. 20 September-October 2003. Internet publication URLs: www.disabilityworld.org/09-10_03/il/ilhistory.shtml and www.independentliving.org/docs6/martinez200309.html

The authors (Kathleen Martinez, US National Council on Disability member and Deputy Director, World Institute on Disability, and Barbara Duncan, former Rehabilitation International information officer, DisabilityWorld co-editor) highlight the events and leaders that made the birth of the independent living movement possible. Also included are some basic philosophical tenets and assumptions that have guided the U.S. IL movement, as well as some observations regarding emerging issues and trends.

Masemene, Moses. 1992. "Constitutionalism and access legislation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare11.html

CIB W84 Report Harare: Access Design and Legislation, 1992. Constitutions enshrine fundamental human rights, therefore disability rights denote access to fundamental human rights as we who have disabilities have got to enjoy the same rights as other people.

Mason, Philip. 1998. "Hampshire Center for Independent Living's Expert Seminar on Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Mason80530.html

Back To Basics: Philip Mason's keynote speech at the expert seminar organized by the Hampshire CIL in Southampton, May 30 -31, 1998.

Mason, Philip. "Interview with Mr. Javed Hassan, Pakistan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools11.html#anchor7535356

Phil Mason (UK) interviews Mr. Hassan, asking such questions as: What is your personal definition of Independent Living?; What obstacles did you have to surmount in order to achieve your current life style?; and What recommendations do you have for other disabled citizens?

Mason, Philip. "Intervju med Javed Hassan, Pakistan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools11b.html

Phil Mason (UK) intervjuar Javed Hassan (Pakistan), och ställer sådan frågor som: Vad är Er personliga definition av begreppet Independent Living?; Vilka hinder var Ni tvungen att övervinna för att uppnå Er nuvarande livsstil? och Vilka rekommendationer har du till andra handikappade? (In Swedish.)

Masutha, Michael. 1992. "Access legislation and enforcement mechanisms." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare12.html

Mates, Barbara T. 2000. "Adaptive Technology for the Internet: Making Electronic Resources Accessible to All - The Online Version." American Library Association. ISBN 0-8389-0752-0. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/mates2000.html

Mattson Prince, Jane: Manley, M. Scott; and Whiteneck, Gale G. 1995. "Self-Managed Versus Agency-Provided Personal Assistance Care for Individuals With High Level Tetraplegia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/smap95.html

Mattson Prince, Jane: Manley, M. Scott; and Whiteneck, Gale G. 1995. "Självstyrd gentemot förmedlad personlig assistans för individer med högt sittande tetraplegi." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/smap95sv.html (In Swedish.)

Forskningssammandrag: Att, inom en begränsad befolkningsgrupp som består av människor med omfattande funktionsnedsättningar fastställa huruvida å ena sidan användandet av förmedlad vårdpersonal och å andra sidan personligt anställda, tränade, och betalda assistenter korrelerar med upplevelsen av förbättrad livskvalité och hälsotillstånd samt lägre kostnader. (In Swedish.)

Maxa, Miloslav. 1991. "Access legislation in the Czech Republic." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest16.html

Maxa, Miloslav. 1991. "Barriers in the built environment: The problems of barrier removal in the Czech Republic." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest17.html

Macfarlane, Ann. 2003-03. "Older People and Direct Payments." Includes: Older People & Legislation on Assessment & Direct Payments, Summary of the legal provisions, by Ann Macfarlane MBE, March 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/macfarlane200303.html

Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003.

McLaren, Pam; Philpott, Sue; and Hlophe, Richard. 1996. "Do 'assistive devices' really assist disabled people?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/mclarenetal1996.html

Assistive devices ensure that people with disabilities are active in society. But what prevents them from assisting disabled people to be independent?

McLaughlin, Dara. 2001-12. "Culture and Identity." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/mclaughlin1.html

Metro. 2003-06-14. "Protest mot försämrad färdtjänst." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/metro20030614.pdf (PDF, 287 KB) (In Swedish).

Michailakis, Dimitris. 1997. "Government Action on Disability Policy, A Global Survey." (PDF, 440 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/UN_Answers/UN.pdf

Michailakis, Dimitris. 1997. "Government Implementation of the Standard Rules As Seen By Member Organizations of Disabled Peoples' International - DPI." (PDF, 213 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/DPI_Answers/DPI.pdf

Michailakis, Dimitris. 1997. "Government Implementation of the Standard Rules As Seen By Member Organizations of Inclusion International (ILSMH)." (PDF, 264 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/InclInt_answers/ILSMH.pdf

Michailakis, Dimitris. 1997. "Government Implementation of the Standard Rules As Seen By Member Organizations of Rehabilitation International - RI." (PDF, 134 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/RI_Answers/RI.pdf

Michailakis, Dimitris. 1997. "Government Implementation of the Standard Rules As Seen By Member Organizations of World Blind Union - WBU." (PDF, 199 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/WBU_Answers/WBU.pdf

Michailakis, Dimitris. 1997. "Government Implementation of the Standard Rules As Seen By Member Organizations of World Federation of the Deaf - WFD." (PDF, 189 KB.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/WFD_Answers/WFD.pdf

Miles, Christine. 2000, revised 2007. “Imran’s Djinn, and Theories of Epilepsy." This article and the review comment were first published in “EPICADEC News" (from the Foundation Epilepsy Care Developing Countries, Leiden), October 2000, pp. 9-10, titled “Imran’s Djinn". They are here reproduced with permission, after slight revision. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles-christine2000.html

The article concerns an Asian boy living in UK. His family had trouble using the health services, because of different concepts of Imran’s illness. One of Imran’s teachers met the family half way, respecting their beliefs and giving them time to digest a different approach to epilepsy and its treatment. A scientific reviewer comments on the story.

Miles, M. 1982. "Why Asia Rejects Western Disability Advice." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2589839

This paper reviews psycho-social and religious factors, professional motivations and political inequalities, that have prevented any widespread adoption of "community-based rehabilitation" by Asian governments.

Miles, M. 1987. "Vocational Rehabilitation: Barefoot Realities in North West Pakistan." An earlier version of this paper appeared in the African Rehabilitation Journal (1987) Vol. 2 (10) 13-14. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1987a.html

A project was developed at Peshawar, Pakistan, for learning the components and processes of making cheap, basic items of everyday life and offering these to disabled young people as small-scale crafts to practise at home and to sell locally. The crafts are economically marginal, with earnings insufficient for self-support, yet they can make a financial contribution to the family budget. This changes the disabled person's role and can lift self-esteem and initiate improved attitudes, while remaining within local capacities and ecology.

Miles, M. 1988. "The Blind Afghan Child." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1988a.html

A young Afghan who was born blind in a remote village tells of his childhood and how he gained the skills to take part in community life and later to earn his living in a town.

Miles, M. 1994. "What is Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm1994.html

This paper tells why CBR is needed, and why there are many different views about what CBR is and how it should be done. It was written for the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap (now "Inclusion International"). It uses language that is easy to read.

Miles, M. 1997. "Home Visiting with Mama Kitenge, Community Based Rehabilitation Fieldworker, Tanzania." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1997a.html

A morning in the poorer parts of Dar es Salaam is described, during which Mama Kitenge visits families with children having mental and other disabilities and works with these childen and their caregivers.

Miles, M. 2000. "Signing in the Seraglio: mutes, dwarfs and jestures at the Ottoman Court 1500 - 1700." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles2.html

Deaf people, known as 'mutes', worked in the Turkish Ottoman court from the fifteenth to the twentieth century in various roles along with dwarfs and other entertainers. Their signing system became popular, was used regularly by hearing people including successive Sultans, and was reportedly capable of expressing ideas of whatever complexity.

Miles, M. 2000. "Blind People Handling Their Own Fate." (Excerpt From: M. Miles (2000) Disability on a Different Model: Glimpses of an Asian Heritage.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles1.html

Accounts of earlier social responses to blind people particularly in Japan, and to some extent in China, indicate a measure of both group and individual autonomy within reserved and valued occupations, ostensibly reflecting a status model more 'normal' than blind people enjoyed in much of European history.

Miles, M. 2001-04. "Models of Rehabilitation and Evidence of Their Effectiveness: Production & Movements of Disability Knowledge, Skill & Design Within the Cultures and Concepts of Southern Africa." (PDF, 76 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.pdf

Starting with a disabled person in Mozambique in the 1590s, and a projection of future disability services when knowledge and skills are widely disseminated and rehabilitation professionals are no longer needed, this paper looks more closely at the knowledge and skills available among disabled people and their families and communities in Southern Africa. These factors need to be pooled, refined and tested so that services become rooted in African cultures and respond more appropriately to people's self-perceived needs.

Miles. M. 2002-01. "Community and Individual Responses to Disablement in South Asian Histories: Old Traditions, New Myths?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/miles2002a.html

Documented histories of South Asian societies provide evidence that disabled people played various roles in their families and communities, sometimes with a good deal of independence. The commonest responses have been top-down, charitable or restrictive; yet some evidence challenges the stereotypes and suggests that disablement historically evoked a wider range of responses and initiative.

Miles, M. 2003. “Segregated We Stand? The Mutilated Greeks' Debate at Persepolis, 330 BC." First published in Disability & Society 18 (7): 865-79. Reproduced with permission of Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis, and with some revision. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2003.html

Miles, M. 2005a. "Deaf People Living and Communicating in African Histories, c. 960s - 1960s." New, much extended Version 5.01, incorporating an article first published in Disability & Society vol. 19, pp. 531-45; August 2004, titled then "Locating deaf people, gesture and sign in African histories, 1450s-1950s". The latter material is republished with permission of Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005a.html

Visits 100 deaf people in 42 nations, across 1000 years of African history. From servants and schoolchildren to scientists, soldiers and statesmen, using every possible means of communication.

Miles, M. 2005b. "Martin Luther and Childhood Disability in 16th Century Germany: What did he write? What did he say?" Revised and extended version of a paper that was first published with copyright by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghampton, NY 13904-1580, in the Journal of Religion, Disability & Health (2001), vol. 5 (4) pp. 5-36, and is here reproduced with permission. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html

Martin Luther’s ideas and theological writings on deaf or disabled children and adults, and his personal and practical experiences in this field are shown. Textual evidence gives a different picture from what is commonly believed, and is interesting both for Luther’s own times and the modern world.

Miles, M. 2006-03. “Social Responses to Disability & Poverty in Economically Weaker Countries. Research, Trends, Critique, and Lessons Usually Not Learnt. Annotated bibliography of modern and historical material." [An earlier version of the “Modern Materials" section first appeared in DisabilityWorld (Dec.05 - Jan.06), and is reproduced by kind permission, with revision and extension.] Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200603.html

The author introduces 250 articles and books showing social responses to disability and poverty in two-thirds of the world now and in history, with critical notes. He commends some intelligent approaches in the face of complexity and challenges simplistic slogans and official blah-blah.

Miles, M.  2001, extended and updated 2006-04. "Signs of Development in Deaf South & South-West Asia: histories, cultural identities, resistance to cultural imperialism."  This is a further revised, extended and updated version of a chapter first published in: Alison Callaway (ed) Deafness and Development, University of Bristol, Centre for Deaf Studies, 2001.  It is here republished with kind permission. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200604.html

The revised article offers evidence and hypotheses for a short cultural history of deaf people, culture and sign language in South Asia and South West Asia, using documents from antiquity through 2005. A new appendix shows 110 items on deafness and sign language in the Arab countries of the Eastern Mediterranean and South West Asia.

Miles, M.  2006.  “Children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in Africa: can medical, family and community resources improve the life chances?"   This much extended and revised article incorporates material from: M. Miles (2002) Children with hydrocephalus and spina bifida in East Africa: can family and community resources improve the odds? Disability & Society 17: 643-658, Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis. (The latter material is republished with permission.)  Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200609.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200609.pdf

The revised article concerns social responses to children with hydrocephalus and spina bifida in African countries, and the historical development of ways in which various resources have been used to improve their life chances, and overcome the disabling effects of these conditions.

Miles, M. 2007-01. "International Strategies for Disability-related Work in Developing Countries: historical, modern and critical reflections." Revised version of a paper first published in the Zeitschrift Behinderung und Dritte Welt, 3/2003, pp. 96-106, and here reproduced with permission. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200701.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200701.pdf

International strategies concerned with disability in developing and transitional countries (DTC) are scrutinised critically, with an historical focus on beneficial traditions and practices in Asia and Africa, attesting the variety and complexity of social responses to disability.

Miles, M. 2007-04.  “Review - Epileptic Graphic." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200704.html

Review of “Epileptic" by “David B.", a remarkably frank account, in graphics and cartoon strip, of childhood and adulthood with an older brother having epilepsy, and a family doing the tour of cures in France of the 1960s and 1970s.

Miles, M. 2007-05. "Parents of Deaf Afghan Children -- On The Air". [Earlier versions of these scripts were circulated in 1984, 1986 and 1988, from the Mental Health Centre Peshawar, Pakistan.]  Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200705.html

In these short scripts from a radio series, Afghan parents and a counsellor discuss issues of raising their deaf child in a rural area of Afghanistan, and several ways in which they can assist her in learning to communicate. An explanatory note follows, on the origin and purpose of the radio series.

Miles, M.  2007-07. “Disability and Deafness, in the context of Religion, Spirituality, Belief and Morality, in Middle Eastern, South Asian and East Asian Histories and Cultures: annotated bibliography."  Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.html and
www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.pdf

The bibliography introduces and annotates materials pertinent to disability, mental disorders and deafness, in the context of religious belief and practice in the Middle East, South Asia and East Asia.

Miles, M. 2007-08. “Disability and Deafness in East Asia: Social and Educational Responses, from Antiquity to Recent Times. A bibliography of European-language materials with introduction and some annotation." (This work revises and greatly extends an earlier bibliography on the former History of Education website at the Catholic University of Nijmegen). Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.pdf

The bibliography introduces and lists 900 articles, chapters and books connected with social and educational responses to disability, deafness and mental disorders in China, Korea and Japan, from antiquity to 2007, some with annotation.

Miles, M. 2008-07. “Glimpses of Disability in the Literature and Cultures of East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East & Africa. A modern and historical bibliography, with some annotation." Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.pdf

This annotated bibliography lists a selection of  130 novels, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, materials from philosophy, anthropology and folklore, and literary criticism, in which disability, deafness or mental disorders play some significant part, from East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa, available mostly in English or French.

Miles, M. 2008-09. "Hittite Deaf Men in the 13th Century BC: introductory notes with annotated bibliography."  Internet publication URLs: http://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200809.html and http://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200809.pdf

The article introduces bibliographical evidence on deaf men working in palaces and temples of the Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia (now Turkey) during the 13th century BC, with further notes on signing and deaf people’s activities in the ancient and medieval Middle East.

Miles, M.  2009.  DEAF PEOPLE, SIGN LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION, IN OTTOMAN & MODERN TURKEY: Observations and Excerpts from 1300 to 2009. From sources in English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin and Turkish, with introduction and some annotation. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/miles200907.html and www.independentliving.org/miles200907.pdf

Sources and texts are introduced and quoted, identifying deaf men and women through more than 700 years of Turkish history, and sign language through 500 years, continuing to the present.

Miles, M. & Hossain, Farhad. 1999. "Rights and Disabilities in Educational Provisions in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Roots, Rhetoric, Reality." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles3.html

Educational opportunities for children with disabilities in Pakistan and Bangladesh are seen in the context of the countries' religious, cultural and economic development. The relevance of Western concepts such as "human rights", "inclusion" and "empowerment" is critically examined.

Miles-Paul, Ottmar & Frehse, Uwe. 1991. "Creating a political alliance for anti-discrimination legislation in Germany." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest18.html

Ministry of Social Affairs, Sweden. 1993. "Gesetz zum Assistenzbudget." ("Assistansersättning" - "Compensation for Assistance.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/schweden199311.html (In German.)

Ursprünglicher Gesetzestext von 1993, der einen bestimmten Personenkreis zu Geldleistungen für persönliche Assistenz von der schwedischen Sozialversicherung berechtigt.Das Gesetz wurde seit seinem Inkrafttreten am 1.1. 1994 mehrmals abeändert, was Einschränkungen aber auch vereinzelte Verbesserungen für Assistenznehmer mit sich führte. (Für die Qualität der Ü bersetzung ist das schwedische Sozialministerium und nicht das Independent Living Institute verantwortlich.)

Milner, Joanne; Urquhart, Dennis; and Cox, David. 1991. "Universal design and designer awareness: The constraints of architectural education." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest19.html

Mohit, Anuradha and Rungta, S.K. 2000-11. "Preliminary ideas and procedures for ensuring systematic international collection of information." (PDF, 123 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 7. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/mohit00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Montero, Federico. 1998. "Human Rights and Organisations of Disabled Persons in Costa Rica." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823e.html

Despite positive changes in Costa Rica's social policies, disabled people still are denied certain rights to participate in all aspects of society.

Montero, Federico. 1998. "Legislation on Disability: The Costa Rican Experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr12.html

Despite the country's relative good respect for human rights and our democratic system, disabled people still do not enjoy equal rights and participation in all aspects of society. Among the factors that prevent disabled people from full citizenship are negative attitudes against disability.

Nadash, Pamela. 1998. "Independent Choices: Enhancing Consumer Direction for People with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3983.html

Allowing consumers to manage and direct the long-term services they need acknowledges that they are the best judges of their own needs and the best decision-makers on how these needs get met - an acknowledgment seldom made.

Nakanishi, Yukiko. "Development and Self-Help Movement of Women with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nakanishi.html

This article focuses on development assistance models and philosophies for women with disabilities who struggle to achieve independence in Asia, first from the viewpoint of a development program organizer and then from the viewpoint of a witness of empowered self-help movements.

Nakanishi, Yukiko. 1998. "Effects of the Economic Downturn in Japan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/JapanEcon.html

The Japanese Government has been trying to promote decentralization for the last 6-7 years. Disabled persons are afraid that some services will be cut due to scarce local resources.

Nakanishi, Yukiko. 1999. "Independent Living movement spreads in Asia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299.html

Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia.

Nakanishi, Yukiko. 1999. "IL-rörelsen breder ut sig i Asien." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299sv.html (In Swedish.)

Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia.

National Council on Disability (NCD). 1999. "NCD Releases Report on Improving the Enforcement of Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199.html

The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986.

National Council on Disability (NCD). 1999. "Ny rapport från NCD om förbättringar i tillämpningen av rättigheter för flygresenärer med funktionsnedsättgning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199sv.html

The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986.

National Program Office on Self Determination, USA. "A Definition of Self Determination." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/nationalposd.html

National Program Office on Self Determination, USA. "Självbestämmande - en definition." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/nationalposdsv.html (In Swedish.)

Nee, Pauline. 1991. "Anti-discrimination legislation as a basis for barrier-free design: How could the Americans with Disabilities Act be adapted for the U.K.?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest20.html

Neveling, Sybille (intervjuer och research). 2005. "Finns det gudinnor som är funktionshindrade"? är ett program om teater och 'empowerment'. Lyssna-RealAudio (34:53 minuter, download-RealAudio, 16,7 MB). Programmet i text. Deltagare: Lotti Filipsson, Annette Lundborg, Gella Åström, Barbara Slånhammar, Eva Stubbendorff, Karin Holmgren, Anette Jönsson och Clas Malmberg. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/finns-det-gudinnor.rm, www.independentliving.org/radio/finns-det-gudinnor.ram, och www.independentliving.org/radio/finns-det-gudinnor.html

Radio Independent Living tittar in bakom kulisserna hos Fridakursen i Stockholm och Moomsteatern i Malmö. Fridakursen är en folkhögskolekurs för kvinnor med funktionshinder på Långholmens folkhögskola. Moomsteatern är än så länge daglig sysselsättning, en åtgärd inom Malmös omsorgsverksamhet. Detta är en del av sanningen. En annan del är att det handlar om teater. Teater som skapar gruppidentitet och stolta individer. Teater som ett demokratiskt läromedel både för samhället i stort och för var och en av oss.

Newman, Felice & Silverberg, Cory. "Sex & Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/SexDis.html

Finally, a sex-positive guide for all of us who live with disabilities, pain & chronic illness!

Newman, Gertrude. 1992. "Promotion of access legislation in Ghana." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare13.html

Nkeli, Jerry. 1998-08-23. "Human Rights Commissioner reflects on achievements obtained by people with disabilities." Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823f.html

In South Africa we have disabled people in leadership-roles and have achieved a lot but we have many problems to face in the field of human rights such as issues dealing with racial intolerance and a diversity of various issues that deal with colonialism.

Nkeli, Jerry. 1998-08-24. "How to overcome double discrimination of disabled people in South Africa." Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Arranged by Handikappombudsmannen in cooperation with Independent Living Sverige, Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr5.html

South African Human Rights Commissioner, Jerry Nkeli, outlines the country's history from the point of view of the Disability Rights Movement.

Nkeli, Jerry. 2000-11. "Promotion and enforcement of the rights of persons with disabilities: a South African perspective - some ideas on the process of getting the violations." (PDF, 132 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 6. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/nkeli00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Nolan, Ann and Regan, Colm. 2003-05. "Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities, A new and innovative policy approach to providing services to disabled people in Ireland." Bray Partnership, Ireland, Website: www.braypartnership.ie. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305.pdf (PDF, 357 KB). See also "A Summary Guide," Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305-sum.pdf (PDF, 155 KB).

This is a report written by Ann Nolan and Colm Regan for the Bray Partnership on a research project carried out by the Bray Partnership in Ireland in 2002 which had as its core objective to explore and move forward the agenda relating to direct payments (giving cash to people with disabilities to purchase their own support services directly) in the East Coast Area Health Board. An analysis of the literature and research findings indicates both advantages to direct payment schemes as well as challenges for the individual user and their family, service providers and funding administrators. A summary guide is included below.

Nolan, Ann and Regan, Colm. 2003-05. "Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities - A Summary Guide, A new and innovative policy approach to providing services to disabled people in Ireland." Bray Partnership, Ireland, Website: www.braypartnership.ie. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305-sum.pdf (PDF, 155 KB). See also the main document, Internet publication URL:www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305.pdf (PDF, 357 KB).

This information leaflet is based on the research project, "Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities," carried out by the Bray Partnership in 2002 (see above). The aim of the leaflet is to provide information and create awareness about the concept of direct payments, as well as to commence a lobbying process for the introduction of a direct payments pilot programme. As such, the leaflet fulfills part of the recommendations of the research project relating to dissemination of information and increasing awareness.

Nosek, Margaret A.; Chanpong, Gail; Howland Carol A.,; Richards, Laurel; Gerken Redd, Laurie. "The Evolution of Independent Living Programs: A Longitudinal Study." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/nosek-chanpong-et-al.html

Nosek, Margaret A.; Fuhrer, Marcus J.; Potter, Carol G. "Life Satisfaction of People with Physical Disabilities: Relationship to Personal Assistance, Disability Status, and Handicap." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nosek-etal.html

Studies indicate that persons with chronic physical impairments rate their satisfaction with life somewhat lower than nondisabled individuals. This study is intended to explore possible moderating factors that are associated with those conditions and with life satisfaction.

Nosek, Margaret A.; Fuhrer, Marcus J.; Potter, Carol G. "Sammanfattning av forskningsresultat - Tillfredsställelse med livet hos personer med fysiska funktionshinder: Förhållandet mellan personlig assistans, funktionsnedsättning och funktionshinder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nosek-etalsv.html

Studies indicate that persons with chronic physical impairments rate their satisfaction with life somewhat lower than nondisabled individuals. This study is intended to explore possible moderating factors that are associated with those conditions and with life satisfaction.

Nosek, Margaret A.; Howland, Carol A.; Walden, Earl. "Assisting Community-Based Rural Independent Living Programs." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/nosek-howland-walden.html

Nosek, Margaret A. and Krouskop, Thomas. "Demonstrating a Model Approach to Independent Living Center-Based Assistive Technology Services." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/nosek.html

Nosek, Margaret A. and Rossi, Don. "Collaboration Between Medical Rehabilitation Programs and Independent Living Centers in Facilitating Independent Living By Persons With Recently Incurred Spinal Cord Injury." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/nosek-rossi.html

Novikov, Yuri. 1991. "Accessibility legislation in Byelorussia and the Byelorussian Society of the Disabled." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest21.html

Ntsika Enterprise Promotion Agency. 2000. "Innovative Disabled Entrepreneur Award Scheme (IDEAS)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Innovative-Disabled-Entrepreneur-Award-Scheme.html

Promoting entrepreneurship of persons with disabilities through competition and awards: an example from South Africa.

Nybom, Martin and Pettersson, Jens. 2008-05. "Personlig assistans - en billig och effektiv form av valfrihet, egenmakt och integritet - En jämförelse mellan kostnaderna för personlig assistans och kommunal hemtjänst". Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/lsskostnad/ (In Swedish.)

Nyhetsbyrån ikapp. 2003. "Ta en taxi och åk när du vill." Svensk Handikapptidskrift 4/03, s. 4. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/sv-handikap4-03s4.pdf (PDF, 56 KB) (In Swedish).

Nyhetsbyrån ikapp. 2003-03-27. "Populärt byta färdtjänstbuss mot taxi." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ikapp20030327.html (In Swedish).

Nzioki, Nicky; Maganjo, Agnes; and Kariuki, Catherine. 1992. "A review of current accessibility legislation in Kenya." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare15.html

O'brien, John and O'brien, Connie Lyle. 2003-10-11. "Publications by John O'brien and Connie Lyle O'brien." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/obrien20031011.html

Oficinade Representación Paralapromoción E Integración Social Parapersonas Con Discapacidad, Mexico. 2001-09. "Recomendaciones de accesibilidad." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/mexico01.pdf (PDF, 1.4 MB).

Manual in Spanish issued by the Mexican government for accessible design guidelines. Manual de Recomendaciones de Accesibilidad creado por la Oficina de Representación para la Promoción e Integración Social para Personas con Discapacidad, Mexico. (In Spanish.)

Office on the Status of Disabled Persons, South Africa. 1997. "Integrated National Disability Strategy- White Paper" (PDF, 164 KB). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/SANatlDisStrat.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/sa1997wp.pdf

White Paper from the Office of the President, South Africa. Disabled people should not be seen as objects of pity but as capable individuals who are contributing immensely to the development of society.

Oka, Yukiko. 1988-09. "Independent living of disabled persons in the Asia-Pacific region." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oka.html

Yukiko Oka analyses the results of an ESCAP questionnaire which covers institutionalization, community-based rehabilitation, and the rights of people with disabilities.

Oldenkamp, I. 1995. "Tricycle Production Manual - Vehicle design for people with disabilites in developing countries." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/tricycle.html

The tricycle is designed primarily for disabled people in Asia, since the result is a joint effort between four Asian organizations. The Tricycle Production Manual has been developed for basically skilled and equipped workshops in developing countries.

Oliver, Michael J. 1999. "Capitalism, disability and ideology: A materialist critique of the Normalization principle." First published in Flynn, Robert J. and Raymond A. Lemay, A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization: Evolution and Impact, 1999. ( PDF, 52 KB). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/oliver99.pdf

The oppression that disabled people face is rooted in the economic and social structures of capitalism. Materialist social theory offers disabled people the opportunity to transform their own lives and in so doing to transform the society in which they live into one in which all roles are valued. Oliver, Professor of Disability Studies, University of Greenwich, London, well-known disability rights advocate, sociologist and author. Dr. Oliver has a disability.

Oliver, Mike. 1999-04-27. "Disabled people and the inclusive society." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oliver.html

Mike Oliver looks at semantics and use of words in addressing disability issues, and refers to Bob Dylan's "The times they are a-changing" to make his point about exclusion and discrimination.

Opitz, Caspar. 2003-09-23. "Delseger för dem som nyttjar rullstolstaxi." Dagens Nyhter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20030923.html (In Swedish.)

Osterwitz, Ingolf. 1994-10. "The Concept of Independent Living - a New Perspective in Rehabilitation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Osterwitz.html

Osterwitz, Ingolf. 1996. "Comunita Progetto Sud and Cooperativa at Lamezia Terme - Report from the study visit of working group one, sector social integration, 28 March - 31 March 1996." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/osterwitz1996.html

Owen, Kari Ann. "Book Review: Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay and Transgender Communities, by Kenny Fries." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Owenbook.html

The Pan Africa Wheelchair Builders Association (PAWBA) and The Tanzanian Training Centre for Orthopaedic Technologists (TATCOT). 2007-12. "Report of 4th All Africa Wheelchair Congress, 17TH - 21ST September 2007, Uhuru Hotel, Moshi, Tanzania" (PDF, 446 KB).

Parakattel, Paul. 1991. "Creating accessibility in developing countries." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest23.html

Park, Walter. 1991. "Creating and maintaining access to housing: Implementing access at the local level." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest24.html

Persson, Ann. 2003-10-07. "Protester mot höjd avgift för rullstolstaxi." Dagens Nyhter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031007.html (In Swedish).

Persson, Ann och Palmgren, Nils. 2003-10-03. "Fel siffra orsakade rabalder i färdtjänstdebatt." Dagens Nyheter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031003.html (In Swedish.)

Peterson, Dick. 1998. "Hanging In There." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/peterson.html

Dick Peterson creates a new hoisting device with an above-the-waist lifting harness, making transfers smoother for people with various physical disabilites.

Pfeiffer, David. 1988. "Divisions in the disability community." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3b.html

Within the community of disabled persons in this country there is a division between those concerned with civil rights and those concerned with service delivery.

Pfeiffer, David. 1994. "Eugenics and Disability Discrimination." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pfeiffe1.html

David Pfeiffer presents and discusses the many statutory ways in which the civil rights of disabled people were, and still are, violated through state and local government laws in the United States.

Pfeiffer, David. 1995. "The Disability Movement and its History." First published as "Hip Crip 101." Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, Dec.-Jan. 1994-95. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/pfeiffer95.html

Pfeiffer, resident scholar in the Center on Disability Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, past president of the Society for Disability Studies, present editor of Disability Studies Quarterly and an early leader of the U.S. disability rights movement while a full time faculty member at Suffolk University in Boston, explores the history of the American disability rights movements through some of its most classic texts

Philippen, D.P. 1991. "Access legislation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest25.html

Physical Disability Council of NSW, Inc. 1999. "Position Papers '99, Attendant Care." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pdcnsw99.html

Polinszky, Tibor. 1991. "Regulation of the non-handicapping environment in Hungary." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest26.html

Racino, Julie Ann. 1991-07. "Center for Independent Living (CIL): Disabled People Take the Lead for Full Community Lives." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91.html

The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people.

Racino, Julie Ann. 1991-07. "Centrum för Independent Living (CIL), Berkeley, California: Funktionshindrade visar vägen till fullvärdigt medborgarskap." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91sv.html

The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people.

Rajah, Zorah. 1992. "Legislation of mobility facilities for disabled persons as backup to existing goodwill." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare16.html

Rajkov, Gordana. 1991. "The role of the Muscular Dystrophy Association in the creation of a barrier-free environment." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest27.html

Rajkov, Gordana. 1999. "A Personal Letter from Belgrade, Serbia - Written during the current NATO bombings in Yugoslavia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov1999.html

Rajkov, Gordana. 2003. "Inependent Living and Yugoslav Experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov200303.html

The report presented on behalf Centre for Independent Living of Serbia, at the Europena Network on Independent Living (ENIL) Conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003. Gordana R. is a founding member of CIL in Serbia, and in the report she is explaining the current situation of disabled people in Serbia in the light of economic, social and political context, and CIL’s efforts to promote the idea of Independent Living Phylosophy in Serbia, particularly the PA Service, through pilot projects and research.

Ratzka, Adolf. "A brief survey of studies on costs and benefits of non-handicapping environments." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibrio94access.html

Ratzka, Adolf. "Sexuality and people with disabilities: What experts often are not aware of." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Sexuality.html

For many of us who have extensive disabilities our sexual liberation does not so much depend on sex counselling or mechanical sex aids but on the availability of tax-funded personal assistance services which empower us to take control over our own lives.

Ratzka, Adolf. "Sexualitet och människor med funktionshinder: vad experterna ofta inte känner till." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Sexuality2.html (In Swedish.)

For many of us who have extensive disabilities our sexual liberation does not so much depend on sex counselling or mechanical sex aids but on the availability of tax-funded personal assistance services which empower us to take control over our own lives.

Ratzka, Adolf. "Independent Living: a European definition." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools7.html; www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools7gr.html (Greek version).

Ratzka, Adolf. "Micro vs. Macro Accessibility Solutions in Urban Planning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/micro_macro.html

Micro planning might construct one accessible housing complex or shopping street and use this as an alibi for leaving the rest of the city inaccessible. In a macro world, building and planning will enable disabled people to participate in every aspect of society.

Ratzka, Adolf. "Selbstbestimmt Leben - selbstbestimmte Sexualität, Voraussetzungen für selbstbestimmtes Leben." (in German) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/zusamenfassungwien805.html

Ratzka, Adolf. "Sexualitet och människor med funktionshinder: vad experterna ofta inte känner till." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Sexuality2.html (In Swedish.)

För många av oss med omfattande funktionshinder beror vår sexuella frigörelse inte så mycket på sexterapi eller sexhjälpmedel som på den möjligheten att ha personlig assistans, betald med skattemedel, vilket ger oss möjligheten att ta kontrollen över våra liv. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. "Turning a service into an income generating project." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools33.html

In some countries the field of disability is tightly controlled by professionals who work in rehabilitation, produce and distribute assistive devices or provide such services as personal assistance and paratransit. Often the services we get are insufficient in quantity and quality, carry institutional traits and make us more dependent.

Ratzka, Adolf. "Prerequisites for Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm2.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 1982. "Hemservice - i vems regi?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar1982.html (In Swedish.)

Artikeln som lanserade begreppen "personlig assistent", "personlig assistans i brukarregi" och föreslog finansiering av personlig assistans genom riksförsäkringsverket. Artikeln publicerades redan redan år 1982 i Svensk Handikapptidskrift.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1984. "Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm4.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 1986. "Independent Living and Attendant Care in Sweden: A Consumer Perspective." (Internet edition, 1996). (PDF, 112 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ar1986spr.html and www.independentliving.org/docs1/ar1986spr.pdf (delvis översatt till svenska/partly translated to Swedish)

A description and evaluation of personal assistance services based on statistical material, information collected through contact with providers and consumers of the services, as well as the author's own experiences.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1996-05. "STIL, the Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka199605.html

Adolf Ratzka who imported the Independent Living Movement to Sweden provides his view of the origins of STIL, the Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living, social policy in Sweden in the 1980's and how a change was needed, from the professionally run service culture to self-determination of equal citizens.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1996-05. "STIL, La cooperativa per la vita indipendente di Stoccolma." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka199605it.html (In Italian.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1986-10. "Den lilla skillnaden - Apropå vår omslagsbild." Från "Stiletten" nr. 4/86, oktober 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar198610.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1986-12. "Har samhället råd med oss?" Från "Stiletten" nr. 6/86, december 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar198612.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1988. "Aufstand der Betreuten." (in German) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka88a.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 1989. "Personal Assistance: The key to Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilpakeytoil.html

Keynote address at the conference on personal assistance in Strasbourg, France.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1990. "Gustav Möller (s) och STIL." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar1990a.html (In Swedish.)

STIL-modellen - maximalt självbestämmande men offentlig finansiering - knyter an till gammal socialdemokratisk tradition. Gustav Möller var svensk socialminister på 40-talet och förordnade den s k kontantlinjen.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1990-08. "STIL mot hemtjänststalinisterna." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar199008.html (In Swedish.)

Hur skulle det se ut om kommunen hade monopol på finansieringen, produktionen och fördelningen av bröd? Artikeln illustrerar det tredubbla kommunala monopolet på hemtjänstområde. Artikeln publicerades i DN.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1991. "The case for accessibility legislation in a market economy." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest28.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 1992. "Towards an operational definition of Personal Assistance." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools15.html

"Personal" assistance means that users exercise the maximum control over how services are organised and custom-design their services according to their individual needs, capabilities, life circumstances and aspirations.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1992. "Personlig Assistans: Ett försök till en operationell definition." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools15b.html

"Personlig" assistans betyder att man som brukare utövar maximal kontroll över hur servicen organiseras och skräddarsyr den enligt sina individuella behov, sin förmåga, livssituation och sina strävanden. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993. "Independent Living och dagens socialpolitik." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#1 (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993. "Kort presentation av Independent Living-rörelsen." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#13 (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993. "Moderna tider." Ledare ur STILETTEN Nr. 1 1993. I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#11 (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993. "Vad kommer LSS innebära för STIL och andra initiativ?" I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#vad (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993-01. "The user cooperative model in personal assistance: The example of STIL, the Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ratzka199301.html

Origins and description of the first European personal assistance user cooperative, the STIL (Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living) project as of 1993 which served as model for the Swedish Personal Assistance Reform of 1994 by STIL's founder.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993-03. "Vi behöver alternativ till färdtjänsten!" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ar199303.html (In Swedish.)

STIL-modellen som visade sig så framgångsrik på personlig assistans-området kan med fördel användas även på andra områden som t ex individuella resor. Artikeln publicerades i DN i mars 1993.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993. "Personal Assistance and Disability Pride." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/pride93.html

Adolf Ratzka reflects on disability pride through personal experiences, and the neccessity of personal assistance services to achieve independence and pride.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1993. "Personlig assistans och Disability Pride." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/pride93b.html (In Swedish.)

Adolf Ratzka pratar om "disability pride" genom hans egna erfarenheter och behovet av personlig assistans för att kunna känna sig oberoende och stolt. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1994. "A brief survey of studies on costs and benefits of non-handicapping environments." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibrio94access.html

Presentation at the International Congress on Accessibility in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 1994.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1994. "Independent Living and the family: The context of Costa Rica and Sweden." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/FamilyCRSweden.html

In the context of the family, Independent Living implies participation in all areas of human life, especially loving relationships, sexuality and parenthood.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1994. "Independent Living och familjen: ur Costa Ricanskt och Svenskt perspektiv." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/FamilyCRSwedenSv.html (In Swedish.)

För begreppet familjen innebär konceptet om Independent Living deltagande i ett av de viktigaste områdena i livet ; nämnligen kärleksrelationen, sexuallivet och föräldraskapet. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1995. "Institutions or Personal Assistance: An example from Costa Rica." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/InstitutionsCostaRica.html

Are institutions really the best place for persons with disabilities, or for old persons to spend their last years? Is this really the best for children to grow up?

Ratzka, Adolf. 1995. "Institutioner eller Personlig Assistans: Ett exempel från Costa Rica." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/InstitutionsCostaRicaSv.html (In Swedish.)

Är institutioner verkligen bästa platsen för äldre att tillbringa sina sista år? Är det verkligen den bästa uppväxten för barn? (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1995. "Supporting families in keeping disabled family members at home:Swedish policy instruments." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/InstitutionsCostaRica.html

In Sweden, a disabled family member is likely to represent a burden on the family. Yet the argument can be made that policy instruments, such as those available in Sweden, lessen the impact of a disability on the family and the community.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1996. "Introduction to direct payments for personal assistance." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/directpay.html

For persons with extensive disabilities there are two key requirements: personal assistance and accessibility in the built environment including accessible housing.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1996. "Introduktion till direktutbetalningar för personlig assistans." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/directpay2.html (In Swedish.)

För personer med omfattande funktionshinder finns två principiella förutsättningar: personlig assistans och tillgänglighet i den omgivande bebyggelsen, i vilket ingår tillgänglighet i bostaden. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1996. "Persönliche Assistenz in Schweden." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/PersAssistenzinSchweden.html

Independent Living oder Selbsbestimmt Leben ist eine weltweite Bewegung von Menschen mit Behinderungen, die gegen Aussonderung, Bevormundung und Diskriminierung arbeiten und für volle Bürgerrechte, Selbstbestimmung und Selbstrespekt kämpfen. (in German)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1996. "Schweden: Betreuung oder Selbstbestimmung - zur Lage von Menschen mit Behinderungen." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka96a.html

Schweden mit seinen 8,5 Millionen Einwohnern erfreut sich des Rufs eines fortschrittlichen Sozialstaats, in dem Menschen mit Behinderungen unter besseren Lebensbedingungen als in den meisten anderen Ländern leben. (in German)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1997. "Independent Living and Our Organizations: A Definition." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools7.html

We are the last minority to fight for our rights and we will not go away. Even with the most sophisticated prevention, early detection and rehabilitation services there will always be people with disabilities and we have to build our societies in such a way that everybody can live in them with dignity and self-respect.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1997. "Eradication of "deviants": the dark side of the Swedish Model." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Sterilization.html

Sweden's policy of forced sterilization of disabled people and others shocked the world. Dr. Adolf Ratzka comments on the news.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "Crip Utopia." (Ironisk science fiction.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzkacusv.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998."Crip Utopia." (Tongue-in-cheek science fiction.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzkacu.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "Direct Payment Schemes in Slovakia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakia.html

In 1997 the Independent Living Institute successfully bid for projects in the Slovak Republic within the European PHARE program: a personal assistance delivery scheme using direct cash payments and a accessible mainstream taxi system with a subsidy scheme for disabled riders. The article discusses some of the difficulties and opportunities that user-initiated and user-run solutions entail in post-communist societies.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "Försök med kontantstöd för Personlig Assistans i Slovakien." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakiasv.html (In Swedish.)

I 1997 vann Institutet för Independent Living ett kontrakt för projekt i Slovakiska Republiken inom EU:s PHARE- program för personlig assistans i brukarregi med kontantstöd och för uppbyggnaden av ett integrerat allmänt taxisystem, som tar alla kunder oavsett om de har rörelsehinder och använder rullstol eller ej, med subventioner för kunder med funktionshinder. Artikeln diskuterar de möjligheter och hinder som brukarinitierade och brukarstyrda lösningar möter i post-kommunistiska samhällen. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "Independent Living in der Slowakei." (In German.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakiade.html

1997 wann das Institut für Independent Living Projektverträge in der Slovakischen Republik im Rahmen des EU PHARE Programms für die Einführung eines Models für Persönliche Assistenz mit Bargeldleistungen an die Assistenznehmer sowie eines Models für ein rollstuhlgerechtes, der Öffentlichkeit zugängliches, Taxisystem mit Subventionierung der behinderten Reisenden. Der Artikel diskutiert die besonderen Schwierigkeiten und Möglichkeiten von benutzer-initierten und benutzer-betriebenen Lösungen in post-kommunistischen Gesellschaften.

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "Brief Description of the Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 (LASS)." - For the "International Survey of Personal Assistance Schemes." Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ratzka1998lass.html and www.independentliving.org/panetwork/questionnaire.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "I kläm mellan laissez faire och den sociala ingenjörskonsten." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/i_klam.html (In Swedish.)

Skillnaderna mellan hemtjänst och personlig assistans - en diskussion med en granskning av de olika socialpolitiska instrument som finns på vårt område. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1998. "Inledning på Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr2.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1999. "Taxi för alla: Förslag till pilotprojekt." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/taxiSv.html (In Swedish.)

För allmänheten utgör taxin ett viktigt komplement till de kollektiva färdmedlen buss, pendeltåg, spårvagn eller tunnelbana. För människor med funktionshinder gäller det i ännu högre grad. Vi vill visa att enkla och eleganta lösningar kan förbättra även vår rörlighet i stadstrafiken. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 1999-11. "A história da sociedade inclusiva na Europa." (In Portuguese.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka199911.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 2001-09-17. "Pressmeddelande 2001-09-17, Taxi för alla - rörlighet åt personer med omfattande funktionshinder." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/taxi010917.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 2002-02-01. "IT and disabled people's employment: opportunities and limits, The example of the Independent Living Institute." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka20020201.html

Ratzka, Director, Independent Living Institute, describes some of the features of the Institute's Website and shows some of the possibilities offered by the internet to individuals with disabilities and their organizations. Pointing out the qualifications that working in this environment requires he concludes that IT cannot materially improve disabled people's employment situation as long as they do not have equal access to education, housing and transportation services.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2002-10. "User control over services as a precondition for self-determination." Plenary presentation at Danish EU Presidency Seminar on "Quality of Life and Quality in Services for People with Disabilities," Copenhagen, October 31-November 1, 2002. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar200210.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 2002-12. "Projektet ‘Taxi för Alla’." Nollåtta. DHR Stockholmavdelning. No. 6, dec. 2002, s. 14. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/nollatta200212s14.pdf (PDF, 60 KB).

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-02. "Die Schwedische Assistenzreform von 1994." Vortrag anlässlich der Eröffnung des Europäischen Jahres der Menschen mit Behinderungen In Magdeburg 21. 2. 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200302.html (In German).

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003. "Independent Living in Sweden." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200302b.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Account of the emergence of the Independent Living movement in Sweden, the social policy climate at the time, its struggles, achievements and challenges from the perspective of the person who introduced the independent living concept to Sweden.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-04. "The prerequisites for de-institutionalization." Paper presented at the European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200304.html.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-05-26. "Spänningen stiger - vem har rätt angående priset för en rättvis taxiordning?" Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ratzka20030526.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-06-15. "Funktionshindrade protesterar." Dagens Nyheter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20030615.pdf (PDF, 357 KB). (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-06-18. "Den svarta tisdagen, 17 juni 2003." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ratzka20030618.html (In Swedish).

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-08. "Checklist for Organizing Independent Living Events." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200308a.html

In this checklist the author covers the steps of planning, event format, event contents and media work which are crucial to the success of a workshop, training session, seminar or conference on Independent Living.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-08. "From patient to customer: Direct payments for assistive technology for disabled people’s self-determination." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200308b.html.

The author, AT user and activist in the Independent Living movement, claiming that direct payments for AT result in better quality and cost-efficiency than services in kind, suggests a pilot project to test the hypothesis. Plenary paper presented at the 7th European Conference for the Advancement of Assistive Technology, "Shaping the Future", Dublin, Ireland, August 31st - 3rd September 2003.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-10-05. "Kompromissförslag för rullstolstaxi, Till Stockholms läns landstingsfullmäktige." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ratzka20031005.html (In Swedish).

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-09-11. "Angående Färdtjänstförvaltningens svar på min anmälan om diskriminering - Anmälan hos Handikappombudsmannen." Ärende Dnr 2003/990. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ratzka20030911.html. (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 2003-11. "Selbstbestimmte Mobilität für Menschen mit Behinderung in Schweden?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200311.html. (In German.)

Rollstuhlgerechter öffentlicher Fern- und Nahverkehr und Taxidienste statt Sonderlösungen und Sonderfahrdienste sind für die Selbstbestimmung vieler Körperbehinderten im Alltag unumgänglich. Leider sind diese Voraussetzungen in Schweden nicht erfüllt. Ein kürzlich erfolgreich durchgeführtes Versuchsprojekt mit barrierenfreien Taxidroschken im regulären Taxiverkehr konnte wegen des Widerstands der Sonderfahrdienste und der politischen Majorität im Landkreis nicht weitergeführt werden.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2004-06-23. "The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994." Keynote address, Japanese Ventilator Users’ Network Symposium, Tokyo, 2004-06-23. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka20040623.html. Japanese version (PDF, 209 KB), Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka20040623-japanese.pdf.

Adolf Ratzka (Director of the Independent Living Institute), personal assistance and ventilator user for over 40 years, describes the features of the Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 using his personal example as an illustration for the possibilities the policy opens up for people with extensive disabilities.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2004-10. "The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994." Presentation in Helsinki, Finland, 2004-10-14. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ratzka200410b.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 2005-07. "Independent Living Empowers People with Disabilities." In: Development Outreach. World Bank. July 2005. Reprinted from www1.worldbank.org/devoutreach/article.asp?id=317. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ratzka200507.html

The World Bank's magazine "Development Outreach" in a special edition presents articles from governments and international NGOs, illustrating different perspectives and approaches to facing the challenges of disability, and addressing the connection between disability and poverty. In his article about Independent Living Adolf Ratzka defines the concept and its implications for disability policy.

Ratzka, Adolf. 2005-07. "Independent Living émancipe les personnes en situation de handicap." Development Outreach. World Bank. Juillet 2005. URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ratzka200507f.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 2007-10-22. "Independent Living for people with disabilities: from patient to citizen and customer." Keynote at the conference in Barcelona 22 October 2007 organized by the Catalan Party Convergéncia i Unió in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of The Spanish Law for Persons with Disabilities of 1982. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ratzka20071022.html

Ratzka, Adolf. 2008-05-30. "Från patient till kund - anförande vid konferensen Fritt val av hjälpmedel Stockholm 30 maj 2008." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/ratzkafrittval (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf. 2008-10-01. "Vem sparar i LSS-kommitténs förslag?" Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/ratzka20081001

Adolf Ratzkas anförande vid konferensen arrangerad av Sveriges kommuner och landsting  och Socialstyrelsens 1 oktober 2008. Enligt honom innebär LSS-kommitténs förslag högre kostnader för skattebetalarna och sämre kvalitet för assistansanvändare.

Ratzka, Adolf (ed.). 2004-10. "Model National Personal Assistance Policy." (PDF, 45 KB.) A project of the European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a.html and www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a.pdf

Most people who depend on the help of other persons in the activities of daily living such as getting up in the morning, toileting or bathing face very limited lives in residential institutions or parental homes. How must the ideal national policy for personal assistance look that empowers them to live in the community, as equal and fully participating citizens, taking their rightful place in family, neighborhood and society, with work and families of their own? The European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA) is a project run by people who themselves depend on personal assistance. This model legislation was formulated using their combined personal experience with personal assistance services in eight European countries.

Ratzka, Adolf (Hrsg), Independent Living Institute, Schweden 2004-10-29, “Model National Personal Assistance Policy", (PDF, 60 KB.) ein Projekt des Europäischen Kompetenzzentrums für Persönliche Assistenz, European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA); Internetveröffentlichung: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a-de.html und www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a-de.pdf (59 KB). Übersetzung für die deutschsprachige Schweiz durch ZSL Zürich, Mai 2006.

Die meisten Menschen, die bei alltäglichen Verrichtungen, wie beispielsweise beim Aufstehen, beim Gang zur Toilette oder beim Baden auf Hilfe von anderen angewiesen sind, haben lediglich die Wahl zwischen einem sehr eingeschränkten Leben in einem Wohnheim oder im Elternhaus. Wie muss eine ideale nationale Gesetzgebung aussehen, die es ihnen mit Hilfe von Persönlicher Assistenz ermöglicht, als gleichwertige Bürgerinnen und Bürger vollumfänglich am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilzunehmen und den ihnen zustehenden Platz in der Gesellschaft, d.h. in ihren Familien, ihrer Nachbarschaft, und am Arbeitsplatz einzunehmen?

Das Euro­päische Kompetenzzentrum für Persönliche Assistenz ECEPA ist ein Projekt, das von Menschen geleitet wird, die selbst auf persönliche Assistenz angewiesen sind. Die vorliegenden Gesetzgebungsrichtlinien entstanden aus deren gemeinsamen konkreten Erfahrungen mit den verschiedenen Systemen der persönlichen Assistenz in acht europäischen Ländern.

Ratzka, Adolf (ed.). 2004-10. "Een model voor een nationale politiek inzake persoonlijke assistentie." A project of the European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a-nl.html

Ratzka, Adolf (ed.). 1992-04. "Tools for Power: A Resource Kit for Independent Living." (PDF, 280 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools1.html and www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools.pdf

The aim of the "Resource Kit" is threefold: (1) to empower disabled individuals and organizations of disabled persons, (2) to serve as a handbook for professionals, and (3) to aid NGO's in their disability work. It was a project of the Independent Living Committee of Disabled Peoples' International.

Ratzka, Adolf och Elmén, Bengt. 1986-10. "Från redaktionen -'Stiletten' nr. 5/86, november 1986." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar198611.html (In Swedish.)

Ratzka, Adolf och Larsson, Anna. 1993. "Peer Support: En sjöman ber inte om medvind - han lär sig segla." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/peersupport.html (In Swedish.)

Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA). 1998. "Resolutions on Personal Assistance Services." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rsa1998.html

Passed by Participants of the International Personal Assistance Services Symposium Sponsored by the World Institute on Disability, Convened September 29 to October 1, 1991, Oakland, California. Published in: American Rehabilitation, Volume 24, Number 4, Winter 1998, Personal Assistance Services, Part 2 of 2. American Rehabilitation is the official publication of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 330 C Street S.W. Washington D.C. 20202-2531.

Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA). 1998. "Resolution om Personlig assistans." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rsa1998sv.html (In Swedish.)

Antagen av deltagarna på International Personal Assistance Services Symposium, sponsrat av World Institute on Disability. Symposiet ägde rum i Oakland, Kalifornien, den 29 september till den 1 oktober 1991. Artikeln är tidigare publicerad i American Rehabilitation Volym 24, nummer 4, Vintern 1998 Personal Assistance Services del 2 av 2. American Rehabilitaion är Rehabilitation Services Administrations (RSA) officiella publikation. Adress: 330 C Street S.W Washington D.C. 20202-2531.

Rennerstedt, Kristina. 1998-08-24. "Legala aspekter av diskrimineringslagstiftning i Sverige." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr7.html (In Swedish.)

Kristina Rennerstedt, av Justitiedepartementet tala om möjligheter och svårigheter i Sverige med diskrimineringslagstiftning som metod för att ge människor med funktionshinder samma möjligheter som andra. (In Swedish.)

Rentzsch, Anne (Intervjuer och research. 2005. "När man behöver hjälp så ringer man, är ett program om boendeservice och dess historia i Sverige." Lyssna-MP3 (22:44 minuter, 21,3 MB), lyssna-RealAudio, download-RealAudio (14.7 MB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/nar-man-behover-hjalp.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/nar-man-behover-hjalp.ram, www.independentliving.org/radio/nar-man-behover-hjalp.rm (In Swedish.)

Richter, Linda K. and Richter, William L. 1999. "Ethics Challenges: Health, Safety and Accessibility in International Travel and Tourism." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/richter.html

William L. Richter and Linda K. Richter explore ethical dimensions of accessible travel for people with disabilities, citing trends, issues, and strategies for public administrators to deal with these concerns.

Rickert, Tom. "Mobility for All - Accessible Transportation Around the World." (PDF, 1.4 MB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/mobility/index.html and www.independentliving.org/mobility/mobility.pdf

A guide to making transportation accessible for persons with disabilities and elders in countries around the world.

Rickert, Tom. "Movilidad para Todos - Transportación Accesible Alrededor del Mundo." (PDF, 3.6 MB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/movilidad/index.html and www.independentliving.org/movilidad/movilidad.pdf

Una guía para conseguir transportación accesible para las personas con discapacidad y las personas mayores en países alrededor del mundo. (In Spanish)

Rickert, Tom. 2003-02. "Making Access Happen - A guide for advocates and planners - HOW TO PROMOTE AND PLAN ACCESS for DISABLED PERSONS and ELDERS to BUSES, TRAINS, TAXIS and OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT." (PDF, 1.27 MB) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/mobility/rickert200302.pdf

The purpose of this guide is to assist people and agencies around the world to work together to design public transport which is usable by passengers with disabilities.

Rioux, Marcia. 2001-01. "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 342 KB, Word 97, 572 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.html, www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Rioux, Marcia. 2000-11. "The Seminar: background, purpose and organization." (PDF, 177 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 1. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00a.pdf. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.html, www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Rosen, Fred. 1999. "Is International Travel Accessible for Persons with a Disability?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/fredrosen.html

Fred Rosen outlines travel accessibility policies in 5 countries, including problems and recommendations for improved standards. Includes a list of publications on accessibility in the U.S.A., Canada, Britain, and Australia.

Roth, Helga. 1996. "Self-determined Living for Disabled Women in Europe." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/WomensConference.html

A brief review of papers and discussions about Women with Disabilities held during the conference in Munich, 1996.

Rosenthal, Eric. 2000-11. "International human rights protections for institutionalised persons with disabilities: an agenda for international action." (PDF, 142 KB.) In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." (PDF, 610 KB, Word 97, 564 KB.) Pre-paper 4. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rosenthal.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc

Rothstein, Bo. 1993. "Den offentliga sektorn och individens självbestämmande." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#2 (In Swedish.)

RTP LIV. 2003-04. "Taxi för kunder - inte för kollin." RTP LIV. April 2003, s. 14-16. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/rtpliv200304s14-16.pdf (PDF, 296 KB).

Rudlof, Peter (program redaktör). "Att leva ett självbestämt liv - berättelsen om en ung funktionshindrad man i Österrike". 2005. Lyssna-MP3-svensk (30:56 minuter, 29 MB), Lyssna-MP3-deutsch (28:49 minuter, 27 MB). Programmet i text (In English, In Deutsch). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/radio/jochen-baumschlager.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/jochen-baumschlager-de.mp3, www.independentliving.org/radio/jochen-baumschlager-sv.html, www.independentliving.org/radio/jochen-baumschlager-en.html, www.independentliving.org/radio/jochen-baumschlager-de.html

Russell, Marta. 1998. "Beyond Ramps: Disability at the End of the Social Contract." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/RussellReview.html

Book review courtesy Common Courage Press.

Ruzicic, Mima. 2005-04. "Report from Mima Ruzicic, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, About the Situation of Personal Assistance Users and Students with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ruzicic200504.html

Rydberg (fp), Birgitta; Bexelius (fp), Birgitta; och Wallhager (fp), Maria. 2003-10. "Överklagande av Stockholms läns landstings beslut 2003-10-07 ang avgiftshöjningar för rullstolstaxi." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/r-b-w-fp200310.html (In Swedish).

Saavedra, Andrea Avaria. 2001-09. “Discapacidad: Exclusión / Inclusión." Inernet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/saavedra200109.html. First publisher: Revista Mad. No.5. Septiembre 2001. Ediciones Mad, Universidad de Chile. Inernet publication URL: sociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/05/paper07.htm

The author, instructor at the Department of Anthropology at Universidad de Chile, proposes a different perspective for analyzing disability issues using the concept of exclusion / inclusion for a multi-dimensional and dynamic understanding of social exclusion.

Samtrans. 2001-06. "Taxi för alla" (PDF, 769 KB), i SamtransNytt juni 2001. Internet publikation URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/samtr5.html och www.independentliving.org/docs1/samtr5.pdf (In Swedish.)

Sarbib, Jean-Louis. 2005-07. "Development OUTREACH, July 2005." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/sarbib200507.html

Schnur, Sandra and Holland, Ira. "Concepts for Independence, Inc. - a unique approach to personal assistance." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools19.html

Concepts of Independence, Inc. offers an opportunity for self-directing persons with disabilities to maximize their goals of living independently. If such an alternative were not available, these same people would be forced to receive services from an agency that does not consider their needs and strengths, only their physical limitations.

Schnur, Sandra and Holland, Ira. "Concepts for Independence, Inc. - en unik inställning till personlig assistans." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools19b.html (In Swedish.)

Concepts of Independence, Inc. offers an opportunity for self-directing persons with disabilities to maximize their goals of living independently. If such an alternative were not available, these same people would be forced to receive services from an agency that does not consider their needs and strengths, only their physical limitations.

Segalman, Bob. 1999. "Telephone Service for People with Speech Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/speechphone.html

Dial toll free to reach a patient, trained operator who is familiar with many speech patterns and has acute hearing. This operator makes telephone calls for you and repeats your words exactly.

Segalman, Bob. 2000. "Expansion of Telephone Service For Many People With Speech Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/segalman.html

Speech-to-Speech (STS) provides communications assistants (CAs) for people with difficulty being understood by the public on the telephone.

Sehlabaka, Cecilia M. 1992. "The Lesotho National Federation of Organizations of the Disabled and Access legislation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare17.html

Seifu, Michael. 2004-02. "A View from Ethiopia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/seifu200402.html

The author, a professional with a disability, reports about some of thedifficulties faced by disabled people in Ethiopia.

Seifu, Michael. 2004-02. "Reflections by a Disabled Economist from Ethiopia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/dosc6/seifu200402a.html

Seifu, Michael. 2004-05. "International cooperation - but how?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/seifu200405.html

The author, an economist in the Ethiopian government who has a disability,shares his views on the bottlenecks of present international development aid.

The author, a trained economist with a disability living and working in Ethiopia, describes the experience of disability in the context of a developing country.

Shields, Craig V. 1988. "A brief history of brokerage." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools27.html

Service brokerage has a commitment to a set of values emphasizing the worth and dignity of individuals with disabilites and their right to live in the community.

Shields, Craig V. 1988. "Mäkleri - en kort historik." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools27sv.html (In Swedish.)

Service brokerage has a commitment to a set of values emphasizing the worth and dignity of individuals with disabilites and their right to live in the community.

Silwimba, Felix. "Possibilities of Independent Living of persons with disabilities in Africa." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools5.html

Simpson, Wendel R. "A message in a bottle..." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/simpson.html

A father describes his son, autism, and society.

Sisco, Patricia. "Peer counseling: an overview." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools22.html

Sjögren, Johan. 1999. "Rapport från seminarium: Lagstiftning mot Diskriminering." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/lagstiftningsem.html (In Swedish.)

Mot bakgrund av IL-Sveriges arbete och bemötandeutredningens förslag om grundlagstillägg etc verkar det att vi skall ha lagstiftning mot diskriminering - frågan är bara hur den skall se ut? (In Swedish.)

Sjölander, Johan; Börjesson, Pelle; och Dahl, Ulla. 2003-10-07. "Hellre ofta än bekvänt." Insändare till City, 2003-10-07, s. 21 [Sjölander (s), Börjesson (v), och Dahl (mp)]. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/city20031007s21.pdf (PDF, 105 KB) (In Swedish).

Smaaland, Jessica. 2007-11-07. "Vilken är din typ? - Erfarenheter av assistansanordnare". Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/assistanskoll/Erfarenheter-av-assistansanordnare.html

Smith, Eleanor. 1999. "A Call for "Visitability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/smith.html

Despite improvements in disability access, homes still routinely exclude people with disabilities. Eleanor Smith suggests a different approach to construction and modification.

South African Human Rights Commission. 1997. "Policy Paper from the South African Human Rights Commission 1997 # 5 : Disability." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/sahr1977.html

Stepanov, Viatcheslav K. 1991. "Built environment for disabled persons in Russia: Needs and problems." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest29.html

STIL. Juni 2003. "STIL skapar kaos i Stockholm city!" I "Pastillen" nr. 3 juni 2003. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/pastillen200306.pdf (PDF, 96 KB) (In Swedish).

Stiletten. 1987. "Är självbestämmande privatisering? Svar till Aftonbladet." Från Stiletten, Nr. 3 1987.(In Swedish.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stilettn387.html

Stockholmskooperativet för Independent Living (STIL). 1995. "STIL - ditt eget val, Information om Stockholmskooperativet för Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stilinfo.html (In Swedish.)

Stockholms läns landstings Landstingsfullmäktige. 2003-10-07. "Protokoll § 281, Handlingsplan med förslag till åtgärder för att få färdtjänstbudgeten i balans (förslag 68)." Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/stklms-lan20031007.html (In Swedish.)

Stone, Karen G. 1998. "Awakening to Disability - Nothing About Us Without Us." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/stonereview.html

Book review from Ability Network magazine.

Stone, Karen G. "Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of the Disability Community's Heartbeat." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/stone1_99.html

Stone, Karen G. "The Journey from Disability Shame to Disability Pride, It helps to have a mentor as a guidepost." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/stone3_00.html

Stone, Karen G. 2000-03. "A Healthy Dissension." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/stone1_00.html

Stone, Karen G. 2000-03. "En nyttig oenighet." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/stone1_00sv.html (In Swedish.)

Stone, Karen G. "Ugly." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/stone2_00.html

Stone, Karen and Dart Jr., Justin. 2001-02. "A Peek of Insight." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/stone200102.html

Sundström, Anders. 2003-06-14. "Hårda sparkrav vänter färdtjänsten." Dagens Nyheter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20030614.pdf (PDF, 557 KB) (In Swedish).

Sveriges Riksdag. 1993-05-27. "Lag om införande av LSS, lagen (1993:387) om stöd och service)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stillss.html (In Swedish.)

Swedish Parliament. 1993-05-27. "Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/englss.html

Taylor, Zara Buggs. 1998. "Honest portrayals of disabilities drive popular television show." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/taylor.html

People with disabilities are often invisible in movies and television shows, however, Zara Buggs Taylor writes about one television show which is changing audience perceptions about people with disabilities.

Taylor, Zara Buggs. 1998. "Framställningar av handikapp i populära TV-program." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/taylorsv.html (In Swedish.)

People with disabilities are often invisible in movies and television shows, however, Zara Buggs Taylor writes about one television show which is changing audience perceptions about people with disabilities.

Tengström, Anna. "Presentation of JAG." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/jag.html

"JAG" is a cooperative of personal assistance users. Ideologically, JAG belongs to the Independent Living movement. Part of JAG is an association working with issues related to personal assistance and disabilities, while the other part is a cooperative of users of personal assistance.

The National Federation of the Blind of North Carolina. 1999. "Introducing Newsline: Access Technology to Newspapers for the Blind and Visually Impaired." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/newsline.html

Thiberg, Sven. 1984. "Research Profiles and Strategies." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm5.html

Thorén, Clas. 1991. "The Nordic Committee on Disability: Existing legislation in the Nordic countries." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest30.html

Tilly, Jane; Wiener, Joshua M.; and Evans Cuellar, Alison. 2000. "Consumer-Directed Home and Community Services Programs in Five Countries: Policy Issues for Older People and Government." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/urbani2000.html

This Urban Institute study reviews community services programs in five countries--Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the US - and shows that direct payments for personal assistance and long term care hold great promise for consumer-directed high quality services.

TOMRIC Agency. 2000-08-21. "Why People with Disabilities in Tanzania Deserve Economic Empowerment." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/tomric200008.html

Traustadottir, Rannveig. 1997-06. "Women with Disabilities: Issues, Resources, Connections Revised." (PDF, 220 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/chp1997.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/chp1997.pdf

The materials in this information packet were compiled for anyone interested in learning about the lives of women and girls with disabilities. The packet is made up of five parts: PART I. Overview Article: Obstacles to Equality: The Double Discrimination of Women with Disabilities. PART II. Annotated Bibliography: Articles, journals, books, and other resources on women with disabilities. PART III. Teaching Others: An annotated listing of resource and teaching materials about women and girls with disabilities. PART IV. Building Connections: Where to find further resources for and about women with disabilities. Including services, support groups, organizations, and periodicals. PART V. World Wide Web Pages: This section provides web sites about and by women with disabilities and covers a variety of topics.

Treffers, Bastian. 1991. "Legislation: Strategy or final solution?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest32.html

Trägårdh, Lars. 1999. "Bemäktiga individerna - Om domstolarna, lagen och de individuella rättigheterna i Sverige." (PDF, 74 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/bemaktiga.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/bemaktiga.pdf (In Swedish.)

Tsai, Joseph Y. B. 1992. "Access legislation and barrier-free environments in Taiwan." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare18.html

Tusler, Anthony. 2001-10-18. "Wheelchair Ease: The Internet, England, & My Summer Vacation." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/tusler01.html

Uddin, Salah. 2003-09. "Disability Situation & Impact of ADD work in Bangladesh." Action on Disability and Development (ADD), Bangladesh. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/uddin200309.html

Ulicny, Gary R and Jones, Michael L. "Consumer Management of Attendant Services: Benefits and Obstacles." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ulicnyjones.html

Uloba. 2003-03. "Uloba - Independent Living Norway Cooperative for Consumer controlled Personal Assistance." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/uloba200303.html

Presented at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003.

United Nations. 1982. "United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons 1983-1992, World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons." (PDF, 147 KB.) Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/WPACDP.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/WPACDP.pdf

This UN report concerns the Implementation of the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons, including the implementation of the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities.

United Nations. 1993-12-20. "Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities" (PDF, 62 KB). A/RES/48/96, 85th plenary meeting. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/standardrules/StandardRules1.html and www.independentliving.org/standardrules/StandardRules.pdf

See documents by Dimitris Michailakis for reports about compliance with the United Nations Standard Rules.

United Nations. 1998-12. "Report of the United Nations Consultative Expert Group Meeting on International Norms and Standards Relating to Disability" (PDF, 92 KB). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/disberk0.html and www.independentliving.org/docs4/disberk.pdf

Experts in international law and disability policy issues review and discuss issues and trends relating to the practical application of international norms and standards to promote the human rights of persons with disabilities.

United Nations, Division for Social Policy and Development. 1992. "Persons with Disabilities, International Day of Disabled Persons, 3 December." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/un19921014.html

United Nations General Assembly. 1975-12-09. "Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons." Proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly resolution 3447 (XXX) of 9 December 1975. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/unga19751209.html

United States of America. 1990-07-26. "American's With Disabilities Act PUBLIC LAW 101-336 JULY 26, 1990 104 STAT. 327." (PDF, 137 KB). Pamphlet (HTML). Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ada.html, www.independentliving.org/docs3/ada.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs3/adapamph.html

The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities that are like those provided to individuals on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion.

University of Washington. 1998. "Access to Higher Learning." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/doit1998.html

Is your college or university's computer labs accessible? In this article, with an introduction by Karen Stone,The University of Washington in Seattle lists universal design guidelines that ensure accessibility for all. Resources for further information are included.

Uritsky, Felix M. 1991. "Technical aids and accessibility problems." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest33.html

Presentation of a project emphasising assistive devices and legislation to create a barrier-free environment for people with disabilities and elderly people.

The Utah Assistive Technology Program, Center for Persons with Disabilities. "Personal Assistance Services Guide." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/utah-atp.html

Valdes, Leo. 2000. "Accessibility on the Internet: Report on a Priority Theme." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/UN-Report-accessibility-on-the-internet.html

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the existing international web accessibility initiatives with numerous links to useful resources for the practitioner.

van Hek, Roy. 1991. "Presentation of the "European Manual for an Accessible Built Environment." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest34.html

Vasey, Sean. 2000. "The Rough Guide to Managing Personal Assistants." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/vasey2000.html

"Having PAs enabled me to find out who I am and now enables me to be who I am." If you are a disabled person and about to start receiving a Direct Payment to employ your own personal assistants (PAs), this book aims to give you a flavour of what it is like; the joys and the challenges. The book covers recruitment, managing, using PAs in social situations and at work, and dealing with problems. Put together by Sian Vasey with cartoons (not included here) by David Shenton. Also available from the distributor on, floppy disc, audio tape and in Braille.

Vegerfors, Måns. 1993-04-22. "Kommunerna saknar meningsfulla ekonomisystem." Debattartikel från Dagens Industri, torsdag 22 april 1993, sidan 4. I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#12 (In Swedish.)

Verney, Arthur. 1996-06-10. "EU programmes with relevance to persons with disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilsverneypres.html

This presentation examines the situation of disabled people within the European Treaties; explores possibilities for influence on the part of disabled people's organisations; and discusses some EU programmes that might be of relevance to disabled people's organisations.

Waddell, Cynthia D. 1999. "The Growing Digital Divide in Access for People with Disabilities: Overcoming Barriers To Participation In The Digital Economy." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/waddell99.html

This paper identifies some of the emerging digital economy barriers, current efforts to address these barriers and expresses the author's vision of the long-term policy research agenda.

Walker, Pamela. 2001. "A Generic Orientation to Doing Attendant Work." (PDF, 41 KB.) Revised online publication. First published by Center for Independent Living Berkeley, California 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/walker2001.pdf

This manual provides a general introduction to the work of personal assistants, and is especially helpful to new assistants. It covers a wide range of topics, and explains the purpose of personal assistance and the nature of the work, to the extent that generalisations are possible.

Wallace, Mary. 1997-11-18. "Symposium on Disability and Human Rights." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilirishspeech9711.html

Closing address by Ms. Mary Wallace, T.D., Minister of State at the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform

Wehrli, Peter. 1999-04. "About the Center of Independent Living Zürich." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/zfsl.html

Switzerland does not yet know the concept of personal assistance and provides almost no financial means to live outside institutions. The Swiss IL movement has an uphill battle.

Weiss-Lindencrona, Hanne. 1984. "Steering Systems and Their Application." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm3.html

Wellington, H. N. A. 1992. "Opportunities and challenges of barrier-free design consciousness - an evaluation of the application of barrier-free design principles in the socio-cultural circumstances in Ghana." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare19.html

Were Masakhwe, Phitalis. 2007-12-03. "The UN Day for Persons with Disabilities: How the world is unfair to people with disabilities." 

Were Masakhwe, Phitalis. 2008-02. "Development System Locks Out the Disabled."

Were Masakhwe, Phitalis. 2008-01-24. "Post-election violence and disabled people in Kenya; issues for reflection and action." 

Were Masakhwe, Phitalis. 2008-01-28. "Trials and tribulation of persons with disabilities in 2007 general election." 

Werner, David. 1997. "Nothing About Us Without Us: Developing Innovative Technologies For, By and With Disabled Persons." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/HealthWrights.html#anchor2

A book of true stories about people's creative search for solutions, written for disabled persons and their relatives, friends, helpers and anyone who favors a Society for All.

Werner, David. 1990. "Visit to Angola: Where Civilians are Disabled as a Strategy of LIC." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html#anchor2585452

Werner, David. 1990. "Resa till Angola - ett land där människor lemlästas som en strategi i lågintensiv krigföring." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2sv.html#anchor2585452

Werner, David. 1990-04. "Project Projimo: A Program For and By Disabled People." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev3.html#anchor2594865

Werner, David and Sanders, David. "Questioning the Solution: The Politics of Primary Health Care and Child Survival." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/HealthWrights.html#anchor1

A Publication from HealthWrights that asks why 13 million children still die each year from preventable causes.

Werner, David and Weston, Jason. "HealthWrights Workgroup for People's Health and Rights." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/HealthWrights.html

The Workgroup for People's Health and Rights - HealthWrights - is committed to advancing the health, basic rights, social equality, and self-determination of disadvantaged persons and groups.

Westerberg, Bengt. 1993-05-26. "Den nya handikappreformen för ett jämlikt och värdigt liv." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#3 (In Swedish.)

Willig Levy, Chava. 1998. "A People's History of the Independent Living Movement." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ILhistory.html

Chava Willig Levy relates stories from the IL Movement to create a people's history. This mongraph explores human rather than social forces. It looks at who rather than what shaped the IL movement.

Wilner, MaryAnn & Wyatt, Ann. 1998. "Independence Care System: Managed Care for People with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3982.html

The goal of Independence Care System is to enable people with disabilities to remain at home or in the least restrictive setting possible by integrating the full range of primary care, acute care, and home and community-based services in a comprehensive, flexible manner.

Wilner, MaryAnn & Wyatt, Ann. 1998. "Independence Care System: Managed Care for People with Disabilities." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3982b.html (In Swedish.)

Målet för Independence Care System är att underlätta för folk med funktionsnedsättning att bo kvar i sina hem, eller åtminstone i en så fri miljö som möjligt, genom att integrera primära, akuta, hem- och samhällsbaserade vårdtjänster på ett utförligt och flexibelt sätt. (In Swedish.)

Wolbring, Gregor. 1998. "Why Disability Rights Movements Do Not Support Euthanasia: Safeguards Broken Beyond Repair." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Wolbringeuthanasia.html

We believe that euthanasia is another technique to free society of disabled people and another expression of the ableism in western societies.

Wolbring, Gregor. 1999. "Science and Society Critical Comments on the 1999 World Conference on Science, Budapest, Hungary." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/wolbrin1.html

Gregor Wolbring, biochemist and scientific advisor to the Thalidomide Society of Canada, reports on the 1999 World Conference on Science, Budapest, Hungary from the perspective of a person with a disability.

Wolinsky, Sid. 1991. "From an American legal practitioner's viewpoint." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest35.html

Zarb, Gerry. 2003. "The Economics of Independent Living." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/zarb2003.html. In the forthcoming English version of: Alonso, J. Vidal Garcia. 2003. "El Movimiento de Vida Independiente, Experiencias Internacionales." ("The Independent Living Movement: International Experiences.") Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/alonso2003.pdf (In Spanish, PDF, 1.46 MB).

Gerry Zarb, a Policy Analyst at the Disability Rights Commission in the UK, examines some main issues in the economics of independent living. His main theme is that expenditure on independent living schemes should be seen as a form of positive investment.

Zarb, Gerry and Evans, John. 1998. "What Price Independence?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilfuture3.html#anchor1

Gerry Zarb examines the costs and benefits of independent living - particularly the various forms of direct or indirect payments schemes. Paper given at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference, Shaping Our Futures.

Zarb, Gerry and Evans, John. 1998. "Vad får självständighet kosta?" Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/enilfuture3b.html (In Swedish.)

Gerry Zarb examines the costs and benefits of independent living - particularly the various forms of direct or indirect payments schemes. Paper given at the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL) conference, Shaping Our Futures.

Zhorzholiani, Temuri. "About Disabled Cared Alliance, Tbilisi, Georgia (Southern Caucasus)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/zhorzholiani.html

Zola I.K. 1979. "Helping One Another: A Speculative History of the Self-Help Movement." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/zola1979.html

Zukas, H. 1975. "The History of the Berkeley Center for Independent Living (CIL)." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html

CIL's roots can be traced to 1962 and the Cowell Residence Program at University of California, Berkeley where Ed Roberts struggled with bureaucrats.

Zupanèiè, Rafael. "Association of the Forum of Disabled of Slovenia." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Slovenia.html

Åslund, Kerstin. 1993. "STIL:s roll i Stockholms stads förändringsarbete för valfrihet brukarinflytande." I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#6 (In Swedish.)

Öhlén, Bo and Rejhed, Bengt. 1995. "A film about the right to Independent Living with personal assistance" - "Mrs Schledermann" (Swedish language, English subtitles); "Fru Schledermann" (på svenska); “Frau Schledermann" (schwedische Sprache, deutscher Text); "Madame Schledermann" (en suédois, sous- titres francaises). STIL, The Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living.Internet publication URLs: http://www.independentliving.org/video/schledermann-english/english.html,
http://www.independentliving.org/video/schledermann-svenska/svenska.html,
http://www.independentliving.org/video/schledermann-deutsch/deutsch.html,
http://www.independentliving.org/video/schledermann-francais/francais.html.

Örnhall, Hans. 1991. "European guidelines for an accessible built environment: An analysis of the "European Manual" from the Nordic experience." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest22.html