Campaigns
Disability Awareness in Action
Resource Kit No. 3
Published by © Disability Awareness in Action, All rights reserved
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Stage Seven Assessing Activities and Making Changes
18. Monitoring and Evaluation
Looking Back, Looking Forward
Regular assessment (monitoring) of a campaign is essential to improve its
efficiency and its ability to reach its goals. It is difficult but very
important after a campaign or event to look at how effectively its aims
were carried out, how well it was run and what the results were. This process
of evaluation will help you to plan future events. There is always something
to learn. In the case of general awareness-raising activities, a survey
or questionnaire about the event can provide useful feedback afterwards.
Always set goals that can be precisely defined, so that anyone can objectively
determine whether and when the goals have been reached.
Remember, recognising past mistakes is not a sign of failure. Nobody gets
it right all the time (and especially not the first time!). Looking back
can be very useful before planning future action.
Bigger Campaigns
For future funding in particular, it is useful to have a full report on
the way a campaign was carried out and what its results were This work is
best done by an independent expert with disability campaigns experience
or by an evaluation consultant. Remember to include funds for this in your
fund-raising application.
NAAW
After National Access Awareness Week, a detailed questionnaire aimed at
provincial and territorial organising committees is sent out, to evaluate
their activities. There is also an evaluation of media impact and "awareness
tracking", through interviews with 1,000 Canadians. Telephone surveys
are used to assess the usefulness of promotional and resource materials.
Sample Questionnaire
- "In order to help future planning, we would like your view and
comments on the following. Please be as honest as you can.
- What were your expectations of the event?
- Do you feel they were met? If not, why?
- Was there too much or too little going on?
- Which workshops did you attend?
- What is your opinion of the practical arrangements (venue, interpretation,
etc.)?
- Any other comments (what you liked; what might have made the day better
for you)?
- Name of your organisation (you don't have to fill this in but it would
be useful)
- Please return this form to: [your address]"
Surveys
Evaluating projects yourself can involve many different types of activity.
First, identify your aims. What do you want to find out and how do you intend
to use the information.
Make Sure:
- You collect only relevant information.
- The information you require can be easily obtained.
- You collect all relevant information - you don't want to have to start
again.
- Your methods are sound.
Decide:
- What you need to measure or count.
- What questions you are going to ask.
- How many people you need to question to get a statistically good result.
- How you are going to analyse the information you obtain.
- Who is going to design the questionnaire.
- How you will distribute it.
- Whether you need professional advice from a statistician or market
researcher.
Some of the Aims of Evaluation
- To examine the efficiency and impact of your organisation's work.
- To look at leadership and membership structures - are they democratic;
should they be?
- To help development by identifying barriers and contributing to the
planning of future work.
- To examine the growth of material resources and numbers of members.
Which strategies have been most effective in bringing this about?
- To feed back to your organisation and its supporters, the views of
the grassroots members -what their expectations and criticisms are.
Remember
You cannot evaluate a disability organisation or its programmes in the terms
used for a service-provider or a business - its quantity, quality and cost-effectiveness.
You are also looking at development of members and of the organisation as
a whole; improvements in the lives of disabled people in the community as
a whole. You can evaluate how effective a campaign has been in these terms,
but it is much more difficult than looking at how economically a business
is run.
Facts and Figures
19. About DAA
Disability Awareness in Action (DAA) is an international public education
campaign to promote, support and coordinate national action to further the
objectives of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons and the World
Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons (WPA).
National action by disabled people can only work if they and their organisations
are able to use the channels and contacts needed to influence governments
and raise public awareness of disability issues. DAA uses participation,
partnership and publicity to work for these objectives.
Participation
DAA works with disabled people and their organisations to stimulate national
action on disability issues. In some countries, disabled people's organisations
have gained the skills of lobbying authorities and have set up channels
of influence. This experience can be shared with other organisations, particularly
in developing countries, where national policy on disability is almost non-existent.
In particular, DAA is targeting developing countries, disabled women and
other under-represented groups of disabled people.
Partnership
Traditionally, disabled people and their organisations have not had access
to information that could empower them - on development, organisation-building
and strategies for social change. DAA provides a resource base of advice
and information to support the partnership between governments, policy-makers,
NGOs, industry, the media and disabled people everywhere.
Publicity
Inappropriate images of disability have been a major barrier to the understanding
of disability issues by the general public and policy-makers. Disability
organisations need to ensure greater awareness of these issues in the media
and, through them, among people everywhere.
DAA Staff
- Project Director: Rachel Hurst
- Project Assistant: Kate Gane
- Information Officer: Agnes Fletcher
- Administrative Assistant: Amina Ariqy
Organisations Involved
Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) advocates the rights of disabled people.
Its philosophy is that disabled people should achieve full participation
and equality in all societies. The DPI network has over 100 national assembly
members, over half of which are in developing countries. National affiliates
aim to be cross-disability, grassroots organisations. DPI has consultative
status with ECOSOC, UNESCO, ILO, UNOV.
IMPACT is an international initiative against avoidable impairment. Launched
by the UN Development Programme, WHO and UNICEF. The international office
in Geneva coordinates national IMPACT foundations in a number of developing
and developed countries. Joining forces with governments, institutions and
the mass media, the foundations help initiate low-cost measures to combat
disability.
International League of Societies of Persons with Mental Handicap (ILSMH)
is the only organisation which speaks for the world's 40 million people
with mental impairments, their families and those who work for them. The
League now includes 100 societies from 67 countries. It exists to help its
members fulfil their own objectives in response to local need. ILSMH has
consultative status with the UN.
Rehabilitation International (RI) is a federation of 145 organisations in
82 countries conducting programmes to assist people with disabilities and
all who work for prevention, rehabilitation and integration.
World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) is an international organisation of national
associations of the deaf. The WFD was established in 1951 and is working
towards full participation and equal rights for deaf people. Consultative
status with the UN.
Executive Committee
- Chairperson: Henry Enns (DPI)
- Vice-Chairperson: Murray Holmes (WFD)
- Vice-Chairperson: John Chillag (ILSMH)
- Secretary: Anneli Joneken (DPI)
- Treasurer: Senator Eita Yashiro (DPI)
- Information: Mary Holland (RI)
20. Addresses
- BCODP, De Bradelei House, Chapel Street, Belper, Derbyshire,
DE5 IAR, United Kingdom
- Directory of Social Change, Radius Works, Back Lane,
London NW3 IHL, UK
- Disability Awareness in Action (DAA), 11 Belgrave Road,
London SWIV IRB, UK.
- Tel: +44 71 834 0477. Fax: +44 71 821 9539. Minicom:
+44 71 821 9812
- Disabled Peoples' International (DPI), 101-7 Evergreen,
Winnipeg, R3L 2T3, Canada. Tel: +1 204 287 8010. Fax: +1 204 287 8175
- International Disability Foundation, 9 avenue de Joli-Mont,
1209 Geneva, Switzerland. Tel: +41 22 788 5988. Fax: +41 22 788 5954
- IMPACT, c/o WHO, Room L225, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211,
Geneva 27, Switzerland. Tel: +41 22 791 3733. Fax: +41 22 791 0746
- International League of Societies of Persons with Mental
Handicap (ILSMH), 248 Avenue Louise, bte. 17 Brussels, Belgium B-1050. Tel:
+32 2 647 6180. Fax: +32 2 647 2969
- National Access Awareness Week (NAAW), Secretary of
State, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0M5, Canada.
- Tel. +1 819 953 5005
- Rehabilitation International (RI), 25 East 21St Street,
New York, NY 10010, USA. Tel: +1 212420 1500. Fax: +212 505 0871
- SAFOD, 130 Herbert Chitepo Street, 12th Avenue, PO Box
2247, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Tel: +263 9 69356. Fax: +263 9 74398
- TALC (Teaching Aids at Low Cost), PO Box 49, St. Albans,
Herts. ALI 4AX, United Kingdom
- UN Centre for Human Rights, Legislation and Prevention
of Discrimination Branch, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
Tel: +41 22 734 6011. Fax: +41 22 733 9879
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), UN Plaza, New
York, NY 10017, USA. Tel: +1 212 326 7000. Fax: +1 212 326 7336
- United Nations Development Fund for Women, 304 E 45th
Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10017, USA. Tel: +1 212 906 6400. Fax: +1
212 906 6705
- UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Plaza, New York,
NY 10017, USA
- UN NGO Liaison Service, Palais des Nations, 1211, Geneva,
Switzerland
- World Blind Union (WBU), 224 Great Portland Street,
London W1N 6AA, United Kingdom
- World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), Ilkantie 4, PO Box
65, SF-00401 Helsinki, Finland. Tel: +358 0 58031. Fax: +358 0 5803770
21. Publications
- Communicating with Pictures, UNICEF, PO Box 1187, Kathmandu,
Nepal
- Consultation and Influence, DAA. One copy free to organisations
of disabled people. Otherwise £2.50
- Designing with Care: A Guide to Adaptation of the Built
Environment for Disabled Persons, Disabled Persons Unit, UN Plaza, New York,
NY 10017, USA
- Disability, Liberation and Development, by Peter Coleridge.
From Oxfam Publications, 274 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7DZ, UK. Price £
19.95 hardback or £6.95 paperback. For overseas orders, payments must
be made by £ sterling cheque drawn on a UK account, International
Money Order, Eurocheque in £ sterling, or US$ cheque drawn on a US
bank account - add $10 for bank charges
- Disabled People in Britain and Discrimination: A Case
for Anti-Discrimination Legislation, by Colin Barnes. From Hurst & Co.
(Publishers) Ltd., 38 King Street, London WC2E 8JT, UK. Price £9.95
- Evaluating Social Development Projects, Oxfam Publications
(as above)
- Fund-Raising Leaflets, Directory of Social Change. A
set of 12 leaflets covering all aspects of fund-raising for staff and committees
of charities and voluntary organisations. Price £7.50 per set
- Handbook on Funding and Training Resources for Disability-Related
Services in Asia and the Pacific, ESCAP, UN Building, Rajdamnern Avenue,
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
- Hip-Pocket Guide to Planning and Evaluation, Non-Formal
Education Centre, College of Education, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- How to Write Better Fund-raising Applications, Directory
of Social Change. Practical guide with examples, exercises and guidance
notes to help you write more successful applications. Price £9.95
- Influence Skills: Communication and Community Mobilisation,
Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SWIY 5HX,
United Kingdom
- Media Information, DAA. One copy free to organisations
of disabled people. Otherwise £2.50
- Participatory Rural Appraisal Handbook, PACT, 777 UN
Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA
- Raising Money From Industry, Directory of Social Change.
Handbook explaining how and why companies give, suggestions of how to identify
and apply to a likely donor. Price £5.95.
- Reaffirmation of Commitment to the World Programme of
Action Concerning Disabled People. Available from Disability Awareness in
Action or Disabled Peoples' International
- Survey of Monitoring & Evaluation Systems used by
Selected Development Assistance Organisations, Appropriate Technology International,
1331 H Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
- Third World Directory (fund-raising), Directory of Social
Change
22. Words
- affiliate - someone or something closely associated or connected with
another
- alternate media - alternatives to speech or writing, such as braille,
tape, lip-reading
- brain-storm - intensive discussion to solve problems or generate ideas
- committee - group of people appointed to perform a specified service
or function
- consensus - general or widespread agreement
- cuttings - articles or photographs on a particular subject cut from
newspapers or magazines
- direct action - strikes or demonstrations to obtain demands from an
employer or government
- discrimination - unfair treatment of person or group of people; action
based on prejudice
- ECOSOC - Economic and Social Council (United Nations body)
- enact - to make into an act or statute; to establish by law or decree
- endorse - to give approval to something
- federal - form of government in which power is divided between one
central and several regional governments; the central government of a federation
- 'hard' news story - announces a specific piece of news - results of
a survey, launch of a campaign house style - language, layout, logo, etc.
regularly used by a company or other organisation
- ILO - International Labour Organisation
- 'in goods' - in goods and produce rather than in money
- integration - process of making or being made into a whole; opposite
of segregation
- layout - plan of a publication, the position of type, typesizes and
typefaces
- legislation - process of making laws; laws made by this process
- letterhead - usual design of address and logo for an organisation's
correspondence
- logo - trademark or emblem of company or other organisation
- mailing list - list of people to receive publications
- mailshot - any given sending out of a number of copies of the same
item
- MP - Member of Parliament
- NAAW - National Access Awareness Week
- NIW - National Integration Week
- personal assistance - help with an individual's specific needs
- petition - document signed by a large number of people demanding action
from an authority
- presidium - a collective presidency
- press briefing - meeting at which information is given to the media
- press release - official announcement or account of a news item circulated
to the media
- print run - the number of copies produced
- SAFOD - Southern African Federation of the Disabled
- scrapbook - book or album of blank pages in which to stick cuttings,
pictures, etc.
- secondment - transfer of employee to other post or organisation, while
continuing their salary
- segregation - practice or policy of creating separate facilities for
a particular group
- sensationalism - use of language that arouses an intense emotional
response, such as horror,
- pity or curiosity
- slogan - distinctive or topical phrase used in politics or advertising
- sponsorship - promotion of a person or group in an activity for profit
or charity
- stigmatise - to mark out or describe something as bad
- tangible - capable of being grasped by the hand or the mind
- UN - United Nations
- UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
- UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund
- UNOV - United Nations Office in Vienna
- WHO - World Health Organisation
Contents
Campaigns