Government Action on Disability Policy

A Global Survey
Annex VI

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© Dimitris Michailakis 1997

List and Date of Submission of Governmental Replies Submitted

Country	Submitted by:	Date
AUSTRALIA	Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services	(31 March 1996)
AUSTRIA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(3 April 1996)
BAHRAIN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(25 March 1996)
BARBADOS	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(11 June 1996)
BELGIUM	Ministry of Social Affairs	(15 June 1996)
BOLIVIA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(25 March 1996)
CAMBODIA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(29 April 1996)
CANADA	Ministry unspecified	(15 September 1996)
CHILE	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(8 April 1996)
CHINA	China Disabled Persons Federation	(15 March 1996)
COLOMBIA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(21 March 1996)
CONGO	Ministry unspecified	(10 June 1996)
CROATIA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(8 July 1996)
CYPRUS	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(26 March 1996)
CZECH REPUBLIC	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(26 March 1996)
DENMARK	Ministry of Social Affairs	(29 March 1996)
ECUADOR	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(26 February 1996)
EGYPT	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(21 March 1996)
ERITREA	Ministry unspecified	(17 April 1996)
ESTONIA	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	(26 February 1996)
FINLAND	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(20 March 1996)
FRANCE	Ministry of Social Affairs	(6 May 1996)
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA	Ministry of Labor and Social Development	(15 May 1996)
GEORGIA	Ministry unspecified	(7 May 1996)
GERMANY	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(28 March 1996)
GHANA	Department of Social Welfare	(20 February 1996)
GREECE	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(29 March 1996)
GUINEA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(29 May 1996)
HOLY SEE	To the United Nations after Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See	(8 May 1996)
HONDURAS	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(25 June 1996)
HUNGARY	Ministry of Welfare	(18 April 1996)
ICELAND	Ministry for Social Affairs	(26 February 1996)
IRAN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(13 May 1996)
IRAQ	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(22 April 1996)
ISRAEL	Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs	(13 March 1996)
JAPAN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(9 May 1996)
JORDAN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(5 March 1996)
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(28 March 1996)
LEBANON	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(21 June 1996)
LIECHTENSTEIN	Office for Foreign Affairs	(13 May 1996)
LITHUANIA	Ministry of Social Security and Labor	(13 February 1996)
LUXEMBOURG	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(15 April 1996)
MADAGASCAR	Ministry of Social Affairs	(18 June 1996)
MALAWI	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(21 May 1996)
MALDIVES	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(22 April 1996)
MALTA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(3 April 1996)
MEXICO	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(1 April 1996)
MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF	Ministry of Social Affairs	(19 March 1996)
MOROCCO	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(8 March 1996)
NAMIBIA	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	(6 March 1996)
NETHERLANDS	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(8 March 1996)
NEW ZEALAND	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	(1 April 1996)
NIGERIA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(25 April 1996)
NORWAY	Ministry of Health and Social Affairs	(29 March 1996)
OMAN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(12 April 1996)
PAKISTAN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(15 May 1996)
PERU	Transmitted by the Embassy in Stockholm	(25 April 1996)
PHILIPPINES	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(29 March 1996)
POLAND	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(10 April 1996)
PORTUGAL	Ministry of Social Affairs	(15 April 1996)
QATAR	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(21 May 1996)
ROMANIA	Ministry unspecified	(14 March 1996)
RUSSIAN FEDERATION	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(30 April 1996)
SAN MARINO	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(18 April 1996)
SAINT CHRISTOPHER AND NEVIS	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	(7 May 1996)
SAINT KITTS and NEVIS	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(15 April 1996)
SAINT LUCIA	Ministry unspecified	(30 May 1996)
SLOVENIA	Transmitted by the Embassy in Stockholm	(7 May 1996)
SPAIN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(26 March 1996)
SOUTH AFRICA	Ministry in the Office of the President	(13 March 1996)
SRI LANKA	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(27 March 1996)
SWEDEN	Ministry of Social Affairs	(2 April 1996)
SWITZERLAND	Ministry of Social Affairs	(4 April 1996)
TANZANIA, REPUBLIC OF	Ministry of Community Development, Women Affairs and Children	(12 June 1996)
THAILAND	Transmitted by the Embassy in Stockholm	(24 May 1996)
TURKEY	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(28 March 1996)
TURKMENISTAN	Ministry unspecified	(8 July 1996)
UKRAINE	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(15 April 1996)
UNITED KINGDOM	Transmitted by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office	(12 March 1996)
UNITED STATES	National Council on Disability	(1 March 1996)
UZBEKISTAN	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(1 July 1996)
YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF	Transmitted by Permanent Mission to the United Nations, New York	(22 April 1996)
ZAMBIA	Council for the Handicapped	(5 February 1996)

ANNEX VII

List of NGO replies contributed

REPLIES OF DPI MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS

Industrialised countries

THE DANISH COUNCIL OF ORGANISATIONS OF DISABLED PEOPLE, DENMARK

GROUPEMENT FRANCAIS DES PERSONNES HANDICAPÉES, DPI, FRANCE

DPI, GERMANY

NATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF DISABLED PEOPLE, GREECE

DPI, JAPAN

NATIONAL DISABILITY COUNCIL, NETHERLANDS

ASSOCIACAO PORTUGUESA DE DEFICIENTES, PORTUGAL

CONFEDERACION COORDINADIRA ESTATAL DE MINUSVALIDOS FISICOS DE ESPANA, SPAIN

HANDIKAPPFÖRBUNDENS SAMMARBETSORGAN (HSO), SWEDEN

NEUROLOGISKT HANDIKAPPADES RIKSFÖRBUND (NHR), SWEDEN

HÖRSELSKADADES RIKSFÖRBUND (HRF), SWEDEN

RIKSFÖRBUNDET FÖR MAG- OCH TARMSJUKA (RMT), SWEDEN
ASKIO, SWITZERLAND

Countries in transition

THE BOARD OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE ORGANISATIONS OF DISABLED PEOPLE, DPI, CZECH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF DISABLED PERSONS' ASSOCIATIONS (MEOSZ), HUNGARY

NATIONAL DIET OF DISABLED PEOPLE, DPI, POLAND

THE NATIONAL ORGANISATION OF THE DISABLED IN ROMANIA, ROMANIA
ALLIANCE OF ORGANIZATIONS OF DISABLED PEOPLE, DPI, SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Latin America and Caribbean

BARNOD INC. THE NATIONAL ORGANISATION OF THE DISABLED, BARBADOS

FONDO NACIONAL DE LA DISCAPACIDAD, CHILE

DPI, COSTA RICA

ASOCIACION COOPERATIVA DEL GRUPO INDEPENDIENTE PRO REHABILITACION INTEGRAL, EL SALVADOR

FENADIP, PERU

ST. KITTS-NEVIS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DISABLED PERSONS, S:T KITTS-NEVIS

Sub-Saharan Africa

FEDÉRATION DES ASSOCIATIONS DES PERSONNES HANDICAPÉES DU BENIN, BENIN

ASSOCIACAO DE APOIO AOS DEFICIENTES, CAPE VERDE

LESOTHO NATIONAL FEDERATION OF ORGANISATIONS OF THE DISABLED, LESOTHO

DISABLED PERSONS ASSOCIATION IN MALAWI, MALAWI
NATIONAL UNION OF DISABLED PERSONS OF UGANDA, UGANDA

South, East Asia and Pacific

CHINA DISABLED PERSONS' FEDERATION, CHINA

DPI, INDIA

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE DISABLED, NEPAL

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE WELFARE OF DISABLED PERSONS, PHILIPPINES

REPLIES OF ILSMH MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS

Industrialised countries

NATIONAL COUNCIL ON INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, AUSTRALIA

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE D'AIDE AUX HANDICAPÉS MENTAUX, BELGIUM

FÖRBUNDET DE UTVECKLINGSSTÖRDAS VÄL, FINLAND

KEHITYSVAMMAISTEN TUKILIITTO r.y., FINLAND

LEBENSHILFE, INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, GERMANY

NORWEGIAN ASSOCIATION FOR MENTALLY RETARDED, NORWAY

FEDERACAO NATIONAL COOPERATIVAS EDUCACAO REHABILITACAO CRIANCAS INADAPTADAS (FENACERCI), PORTUGAL

RIKSFÖRBUNDET FÖR UTVECKLINGSSTÖRDA BARN, UNGDOMAR OCH VUXNA, SWEDEN

FÉDÉRATION SUISSE DES ASSOCIATIONS DE PARENTS DE HANDICAPÉS MENTAUX, SWITZERLAND

MENCAP, UNITED KINGDOM

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION ON MENTAL RETARDATION, UNITED STATES

Middle East and North Africa

CYPRUS PARENTS ASSOCIATION FOR MENTALLY DISABLED PERSONS, CYPRUS

CHRISTOS STELIOU IOANNOU FOUNDATIONS, CYPRUS

AKIM, INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, ISRAEL

YOUNG MUSLIM WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION, CENTRE FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION, JORDAN

INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, LEBANON

ASSOCIATION DES PARENTS ET AMIS D'ENFANTS INADAPTÉS, MOROCCO

INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Countries in transition

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HANDICAP, ALBANIA

PATHOLOGIES, BELARUS

ASSOCIATION OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH HANDICAP, BELARUS

NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SUPPORT OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HANDICAP, BULGARIA

INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, CROATIA

SDRUZENI PRO POMOC MENTALNE POSTIZENYM, ILSMH, CZECH REPUBLIC

ESTONIAN MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS SUPPORT ORGANISATION, ESTONIA

ERTELMI FOGYATEKOSOK ORSZAGOS ERDEKVEDELMI SZÖVETSEG (ÉFOÉSZ), HUNGARY

LITHUANIAN WELFARE SOCIETY FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISABILITY, LITHUANIA

POLISH ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL HANDICAP, POLAND

REHABILITATION CENTRE OF DISABLED CHILDREN HAVING CEREBRAL PALSY AND SPINAL CORD

"ACTRAKHAN" ASSOCIATION, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR MENTALLY HANDICAPPED OF SLOVENIA, SLOVENIA

Latin America and Caribbean

FEDERACAO NACIONAL DAS APAEs, INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, BRAZIL

SOCIEDAD PRO AYUDA DEL NINO LISIADO, CHILE

INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, COSTA RICA

FUNDACION DOMINICANA PARA NINOS CON NECESIDADES ESPECIALES, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

CENTRE D'EDUCATION SPECIALE, HAITI

ASOCIACION DE PADRES DE FAMILIA CON HIJOS DISCAPACITADOS, NICARAGUA

INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, MEXICO

Sub-Saharan Africa

ASSOCIATION DES PARENTS ET AMIS D'ENFANTS ENCÉPHALOPATHES DU BURKINA FASO, BURKINA FASO

APEHM, INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL, CAMEROON

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES PERSONNES HANDICAPÉES MENTALES DU CONGO, CONGO

ASSOCIATION DES PARENTS ET AMIS DES JEUNES HANDICAPES MENTAUX DE MADAGASCAR, MADAGASCAR

ASSOCIATION DES AMIS ET PARENTS D'ENFANTS HANDICAPES MENTAUX DE MADAGASCAR, MADAGASCAR

ASSOCIATION MAURITANIENNE POUR LA PROMOTION DES HANDICAPES MENTAUX, MAURITANIA

S.A. FEDERATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH, SOUTH AFRICA

ZIMCARE TRUST, ZIMBABWE

South, East Asia and Pacific

NATIONAL FORUM FOR WELFARE OF THE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED, INDIA

REPLIES OF RI MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS

Industrialised countries

REHABILITATION INTERNATIONAL, DENMARK

REHABILITATION FOUNDATION, FINLAND

HELLENIC SOCIETY FOR DISABLED CHILDREN, GREECE

THE ORGANISATION OF HANDICAPPED IN ICELAND AND THE NATIONAL FEDERATION FOR THE AID OF THE HANDICAPPED, ICELAND

NATIONAL REHABILITATION BOARD, IRELAND

JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR REHABILITATION OF DISABLED PERSONS, AND THE JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EMPLOYMENT OF THE DISABLED, JAPAN

Middle East and North Africa

KUWAIT SOCIETY FOR THE HANDICAPPED, KUWAIT

Countries in transition

ASSOCIATION OF DISABLED PERSONS IN CZECH REPUBLIC, RI, CZECH REPUBLIC

INSTITUT REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE ZA REHABILITACIJO, SLOVENIA

Latin America and Caribbean

REHABILITATION INTERNATIONAL, ARGENTINA
ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE REHABILITATION, RI, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

South, East Asia and Pacific

REHABILITATION INTERNATIONAL, HONG KONG

MALAYSIAN LEPROSY RELIEF ASSOCIATION, MALAYSIA

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF SOCIAL SERVICE, SINGAPORE

NATIONAL COUNCIL ON SOCIAL WELFARE OF THAILAND, THAILAND

REPLIES OF WBU MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS

Industrialised Countries

DANSK BLINDESAMFUND, DENMARK

FINISH FEDERATION OF THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED, FINLAND

THE ICELANDIC ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND, ICELAND

ORGANIZATION NATIONAL DE CIEGOS, SPAIN

SWEDISH ASSOCIATION OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED, SWEDEN

ROYAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND, UNITED KINGDOM

Middle East and North Africa

UNION NATIONALE DES AVEUGLES DE TUNISIE, TUNISIA

Countries in transition

ARMENIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND, ARMENIA

CROATIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND, CROATIA

CZECH ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND, CZECH REPUBLIC

ESTONIAN FEDERATION OF THE BLIND, ESTONIA

FEDERATION OF THE BLIND, HUNGARY

LATVIAN SOCIETY OF THE BLIND, LATVIA

COUNCIL OF THE LITHUANIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND AND VISUALLY HANDICAPPED, LITHUANIA

POLISH ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND, POLAND

ROMANIAN BLIND ASSOCIATION, ROMANIA

SLOVAK BLIND AND PARTIALLY SIGHTED UNION, SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Latin America and Caribbean

WBU, COSTA RICA

Sub-Saharan Africa

ASSOCIATION BURKINABLE POUR LA PROMOTION DES AVEUGLES ET MALVOYANTS, BURKINA FASO

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES DEFICIENTS VISUELS AU TCHAD, CHAD

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES AVEUGLES ET DEFICIENTS VISUELS DU CONGO, CONGO

ETHIOPIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE BLIND, ETHIOPIA

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES FEMMES AVEUGLES DE COTE D'IVOIRE, IVORY COAST

KENYA UNION OF THE BLIND, KENYA

SYNSKADEORGANISATION, NAMIBIA

SOMALI SOCIETY OF THE BLIND, SOMALIA

ZIMBABWE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF THE BLIND, ZIMBABWE

THE COUNCIL FOR THE BLIND, ZIMBABWE

South, East Asia and Pacific

FIJI SOCIETY FOR THE BLIND, FIJI

ALL INDIA CONFEDERATION OF THE BLIND, INDIA

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE BLIND, MALAYSIA - NCBM

SINGAPORE ASSOCIATION OF THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED, SINGAPORE

THE SRI LANKA FEDERATION OF THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED, SRI LANKA

REPLIES OF WFD MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS

Industrialised countries

AUSTRALIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, AUSTRALIA

ÖSTERREICHISCHER GEHÖRLOSENBUND, AUSTRIA

DEUTSCHER GEHÖRLOSEN-BUND E.V., GERMANY

GREEK FEDERATION OF THE DEAF, GREECE

DEAF ASSOCIATION OF NEW ZEALAND, NEW ZEALAND

NORGES DÖVEFORBUND, NORWAY

SWEDISH NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, SWEDEN

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, UNITED STATES

Middle East and North Africa

ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, EGYPT

Countries in transition

THE HUNGARIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, HUNGARY

LATVIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, LATVIA

POLISH ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, POLAND

BYELORUSSIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, BELARUS

SLOVAK UNION OF THE DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING, SLOVAK REPUBLIC

UKRAINE SOCIETY OF THE DEAF, CENTRAL BOARD (USD CB), UKRAINE

Latin America and Caribbean

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DEAF, BELIZE

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE DEAF, BRAZIL

WFD, COSTA RICA

FEDERACION VENEZOLANA DE SORDOS, VENEZUELA

Sub-Saharan Africa

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES SOURDS DU BENIN, BENIN

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES DEFICIENTS AUDITIF DU BURKINA FASO, BURKINA FASO

THE GAMBIA ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING, GAMBIA

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES SOURDS DE COTE D' IVOIRE, IVORY COAST

KENYA NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, KENYA

DEAF FEDERATION OF SOUTH AFRICA, DEAFSA, SOUTH AFRICA

SWAZILAND NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, SWAZILAND

ASSOCIATION DES SOURDS DU TOGO, TOGO

ASSOCIATION NATIONALE DES SOURDS DU ZAIRE, ZAIRE

ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF, ZIMBABWE

South, East Asia and Pacific

MACAU DEAF ASSOCIATION, MACAU

ORGANISATION OF THE DEAF, MALAYSIA

The selected NGO's all belong to the international organizations represented in the Panel of Experts, that is, Disabled Persons International (DPI), Rehabilitation International (RI), World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), World Blind Union (WBU), World Federation of Psychiatric Users (WFPU), Inclusion International (ILSMH).

In the case of Belgium three separate replies were received. This explains the total of 85 in the tables.

Legislation the term denotes the whole or any part of a country's written law.

Special legislation for persons with disabilities is dealing exclusively with disability matters and embodies the rights and obligations of disabled persons. The general legislation is conceived to imply the following: within the framework of each individual piece of legislation, persons with disabilities enjoy the same rights and obligations as other citizens and that, in cases where it is necessary to make different provisions concerning their status, the respective provisions are part of the legislation concerned.

See International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Articles 2, §3, and Articles 16 and 26.

"Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:

• a. To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;
  
• b. To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;
  
• c. To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted." (Article 2, §3)

  "Everyone shall have the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law." (Article 16)

  "All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law." (Article 26)

  See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Articles 23, §1,2, and Articles 17 and 25.

  "The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State."

  "The right of men and women of mariageable age to marry and to found a family shall be recognized." (Article 23, §1,2)

  "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy..." (Article 17)
  

"Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity:

• a. To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly of through freely chosen representatives;
• b. To vote and to be elected /.../
• c. To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country." (Article 25)

  "The persons with intellectual disabilities have suffered far more from the stupidity of others than from that of their own". Bengt Nirje The Normalization Principle - 25 years Later, p.20

  See the International Covenant on economic, Social and Cultural Rights Articles 9, 6.

  "The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance." (Article 9)

  "1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right to work, which includes the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts, and will take appropriate steps to safeguard this right.

  2. The steps to be taken by a State Party to the present Covenant to achieve full realization of this right shall include technical and vocational guidance and training programmes, policies and techniques to achieve steady economic, social and cultural development and full and productive employment under conditions safeguarding fundamental political and economic freedoms to the individual."

An effect of this objective is the growing differentiation that has emerged between organizations of persons with disabilities and organizations for them. Organizations of persons with disabilities are run by disabled people. Organizations for persons with disabilities are run by non-disabled people.

Legislature is the body having the primary responsibility of enacting written law. In most countries this body is the Parliament.

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