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Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2017.  Application for funding granted by the Swedish Inheritance Fund for the project Disabled Refugees Welcome.
This is a translated version of the application submitted in July 2016. There were minor revisions and additions made later missing from this document.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Crip Utopia.
Ironisk science fiction. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzkacusv.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Personal Assistance empowers persons with disabilities and benefits the national economy.
Direct Payments for Personal Assistance make demand-driven services possible that promote freedom of choice and quality. Supply-driven services, on the other hand, are often monopolistic in-kind services that force users to adapt their lives to the needs of the service provider. The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 is an example of a Direct Payments policy. Its outcome is discussed as well as its implications for the national economy in times of economic crisis.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1982.  Hemservice - i vems regi?
Artikeln som lanserade begreppen "personlig assistent", "personlig assistans i brukarregi" och föreslog finansiering av personlig assistans genom riksförsäkringsverket. Artikeln publicerades redan redan år 1982 i Svensk Handikapptidskrift. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar1982.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1992.  Personlig Assistans: Ett försök till en operationell definition.
"Personlig" assistans betyder att man som brukare utövar maximal kontroll över hur servicen organiseras och skräddarsyr den enligt sina individuella behov, sin förmåga, livssituation och sina strävanden. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools15b.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Inledning på Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter, Stockholm, Sweden, 24 augusti 1998.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr2.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1994.  Independent Living och familjen: ur Costa Ricanskt och Svenskt perspektiv." .
För begreppet familjen innebär konceptet om Independent Living deltagande i ett av de viktigaste områdena i livet; nämnligen kärleksrelationen, sexuallivet och föräldraskapet. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/FamilyCRSwedenSv.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2004.  The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994.
Presentation in Helsinki, Finland, 2004-10-14. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/ratzka200410b.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1993.  Kort presentation av Independent Living-rörelsen.
I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#13 (In Swedish.) 
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2009.  Adolf D. Ratzka, PhD, Interviews and Profiles.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1996.  Introduktion till direktutbetalningar för personlig assistans.
För personer med omfattande funktionshinder finns två principiella förutsättningar: personlig assistans och tillgänglighet i den omgivande bebyggelsen, i vilket ingår tillgänglighet i bostaden. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/directpay2.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1986.  Har samhället råd med oss?
Från "Stiletten" nr. 6/86, december 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar198612.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1993.  The user cooperative model in personal assistance: The example of STIL, the Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living.
Origins and description of the first European personal assistance user cooperative, the STIL (Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living) project as of 1993 which served as model for the Swedish Personal Assistance Reform of 1994 by STIL's founder. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ratzka199301.html.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2011.  Independent Living for People with Disabilities of All Ages.
Given the increasing number of older persons relative to the working age population, record level taxes and baby boomers’ demands for self-determination and quality of life, which changes might the Scandinavian welfare model have to undergo in order to deliver long term care to all who need it? In Sweden, direct payments for personal assistance are paid to mainly younger persons with extensive disabilities. In terms of perceived quality and cost per hour of service, direct payments have been found to be more efficient than traditional local government services. But would this favorable experience hold for all persons in need of assistance with the activities of daily living – regardless of age, diagnosis and minimum needs? What would be such a policy’s cost and effects on the labor market? How could it be financed? Would it threaten younger disabled persons’ relative favorable present situation? Today’s Swedish policy of cash payments for the purchase of personal assistance services might be of interest as a long term care solution for tomorrow’s older persons.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2002.  Projektet ‘Taxi för Alla’ (PDF, 60 KB).
Nollåtta. DHR Stockholmavdelning. No. 6, dec. 2002, s. 14. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/nollatta200212s14.pdf (PDF, 60 KB).
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2018.  Access to Justice.
Open mic event on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ”Human Rights: a reality for all persons with disabilities?” European United Left/Nordic Green Left European Parliamentary Group European Parliament, Brussels October 17, 2018
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2008.  No shortcuts on the road to employment for persons with disabilities.
Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/ratzka20080708
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2012.  Projektansökan Assistanstips. PDF icon Ansokan_Assistanstips_ursprungliga_bilaga.pdf (313.64 KB)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2004.  Model National Personal Assistance Policy.
Most people who depend on the help of other persons in the activities of daily living such as getting up in the morning, toileting or bathing face very limited lives in residential institutions or parental homes. How must the ideal national policy for personal assistance look that empowers them to live in the community, as equal and fully participating citizens, taking their rightful place in family, neighborhood and society, with work and families of their own? The European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA) is a project run by people who themselves depend on personal assistance. This model legislation was formulated using their combined personal experience with personal assistance services in eight European countries. A project of the European Center for Excellence in Personal Assistance (ECEPA).
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2001.  Pressmeddelande 2001-09-17, Taxi för alla - rärlighet åt personer med omfattande funktionshinder.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/taxi010917.html (in Swedish).
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  2015.  Die Voraussetzungen zur De-institutionalisierung von Menschen mit Behinderungen.
Persönliche Assistenz ist eine hochqualitative und kostengünstige Alternative zu Wohneinrichtungen und ambulanten Diensten, laut Adolf Ratzka - eine Behauptung, die er mit den über 20-jährigen schwedischen Erfahrungen mit persönlicher Assistenz belegt. Den Hauptwiderstand gegen persönliche Assistenz in Deutschland sieht er in den Eigeninteressen der Wohlfahrtsverbände und dem noch weitverbreiteten medizinischen Bild von Behinderung.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1992.  Towards an operational definition of Personal Assistance.
"Personal" assistance means that users exercise the maximum control over how services are organised and custom-design their services according to their individual needs, capabilities, life circumstances and aspirations.
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1997.  Eradication of "deviants": the dark side of the Swedish Model.".
Sweden's policy of forced sterilization of disabled people and others shocked the world. Dr. Adolf Ratzka comments on the news. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Sterilization.html
Rajkov, Gordana.  1999.  A Personal Letter from Belgrade, Serbia - Written during the current NATO bombings in Yugoslavia.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov1999.html  
Rajkov, Gordana.  1991.  The role of the Muscular Dystrophy Association in the creation of a barrier-free environment.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest27.html  
Rajkov, Gordana.  2003.  Inependent Living and Yugoslav Experience.
The report presented on behalf Centre for Independent Living of Serbia, at the Europena Network on Independent Living (ENIL) Conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003. Gordana R. is a founding member of CIL in Serbia, and in the report she is explaining the current situation of disabled people in Serbia in the light of economic, social and political context, and CIL’s efforts to promote the idea of Independent Living Phylosophy in Serbia, particularly the PA Service, through pilot projects and research. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov200303.html
Rajah, Zorah.  1992.  Legislation of mobility facilities for disabled persons as backup to existing goodwill.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare16.html  
Racino, Julie Ann.  1991.  Center for Independent Living (CIL): Disabled People Take the Lead for Full Community Lives.
The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91.html
Racino, Julie Ann.  1991.  Centrum för Independent Living (CIL), Berkeley, California: Funktionshindrade visar vägen till fullvärdigt medborgarskap.
The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91sv.html (In Swedish.)
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Purhonen, Sanni.  2023.  Personal Assistance: What's the current situation in Finland?
Polinszky, Tibor.  1991.  Regulation of the non-handicapping environment in Hungary.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest26.html  
Physical Disability Council of NSW, Inc..  1999.  Position Papers '99, Attendant Care.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pdcnsw99.html  
Philippen, D P.  1991.  Access legislation.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest25.html
Pfeiffer, David.  1995.  The Disability Movement and its History.
Pfeiffer, resident scholar in the Center on Disability Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, past president of the Society for Disability Studies, present editor of Disability Studies Quarterly and an early leader of the U.S. disability rights movement while a full time faculty member at Suffolk University in Boston, explores the history of the American disability rights movements through some of its most classic texts. First published as "Hip Crip 101." Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, Dec.-Jan. 1994-95. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/pfeiffer95.html
Pfeiffer, David.  1994.  Eugenics and Disability Discrimination.
David Pfeiffer presents and discusses the many statutory ways in which the civil rights of disabled people were, and still are, violated through state and local government laws in the United States. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pfeiffe1.html
Pfeiffer, David.  1988.  Divisions in the disability community.
Within the community of disabled persons in this country there is a division between those concerned with civil rights and those concerned with service delivery. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3b.html
Peterson, Dick.  1998.  Hanging In There.
Dick Peterson creates a new hoisting device with an above-the-waist lifting harness, making transfers smoother for people with various physical disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/peterson.html
Persson, Ann, Palmgren Nils.  2003.  Fel siffra orsakade rabalder i färdtjänstdebatt.
Dagens Nyheter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031003.html (In Swedish.)  
Persson, Ann.  2003.  Protester mot höjd avgift för rullstolstaxi.
Dagens Nyhter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031007.html (In Swedish).  
Paul Lappalainen, Erdtman, Emil.  2017.  CONFERENCE VIDEOS 24-25 NOV 2016: Strategic litigation and human rights enforcement.
Park, Walter.  1991.  Creating and maintaining access to housing: Implementing access at the local level.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest24.html
Parakattel, Paul.  1991.  Creating accessibility in developing countries.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest23.html  
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Opitz, Caspar.  2003.  Delseger för dem som nyttjar rullstolstaxi.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20030923.html (In Swedish.)
Oliver, Mike.  1999.  Disabled people and the inclusive society: or the times they really are changing.
Mike Oliver looks at semantics and use of words in addressing disability issues, and refers to Bob Dylan's "The times they are a-changing" to make his point about exclusion and discrimination. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oliver.html
Oldenkamp, I.  1995.  Tricycle Production Manual - Vehicle design for people with disabilites in developing countries.
The tricycle is designed primarily for disabled people in Asia, since the result is a joint effort between four Asian organizations. The Tricycle Production Manual has been developed for basically skilled and equipped workshops in developing countries. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/tricycle.html
Oka, Yukiko.  1988.  Self-reliance in interdependent communities: Independent living of disabled persons in the Asia-Pacific region.
Yukiko Oka analyses the results of an ESCAP questionnaire which covers institutionalization, community-based rehabilitation, and the rights of people with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oka.html
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Office on the Status of Disabled Persons, South Africa.  1997.  Integrated National Disability Strategy- White Paper.
White Paper from the Office of the President, South Africa. Disabled people should not be seen as objects of pity but as capable individuals who are contributing immensely to the development of society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/SANatlDisStrat.html
O'brien, John, O'brien Connie Lyle.  2003.  Publications by John O'brien and Connie Lyle O'brien.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/obrien20031011.html  
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Nzioki, Nicky, Maganjo Agnes, Kariuki Catherine.  1992.  A review of current accessibility legislation in Kenya.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare15.html
Nyhetsbyrån ikapp.  2003.  Populärt byta färdtjänstbuss mot taxi.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ikapp20030327.html (In Swedish).  
Nybom, Martin, Pettersson Jens.  2008.  Personlig assistans - en billig och effektiv form av valfrihet, egenmakt och integritet - En jämförelse mellan kostnaderna för personlig assistans och kommunal hemtjänst.
Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/lsskostnad/ (In Swedish.)
Ntsika Enterprise Promotion Agency.  2000.  Innovative Disabled Entrepreneur Award Scheme (IDEAS) - Calling All Entrepreneurs With Disabilities.
Promoting entrepreneurship of persons with disabilities through competition and awards: an example from South Africa. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Innovative-Disabled-Entrepreneur-Award-Scheme.html
Novikov, Yuri.  1991.  Accessibility legislation in Byelorussia and the Byelorussian Society of the Disabled.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest21.html  
Nordenfelt, Enar.  2010.  The foundation in memory of Rolf Bergfors.
Nordenfelt, Enar.  2010.  Stiftelsen Fonden till Rolf Bergfors minne. PDF icon gil-stiftelsen-information-202103.pdf (103.8 KB)PDF icon gil-stiftelsen-ansokningblankett-202103-w.pdf (145.5 KB)
Nolan, Ann, Regan Colm.  2003.  Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities - A Summary Guide, A new and innovative policy approach to providing services to disabled people in Ireland.
This information leaflet is based on the research project, "Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities," carried out by the Bray Partnership in 2002 (see above). The aim of the leaflet is to provide information and create awareness about the concept of direct payments, as well as to commence a lobbying process for the introduction of a direct payments pilot programme. As such, the leaflet fulfills part of the recommendations of the research project relating to dissemination of information and increasing awareness. Bray Partnership, Ireland, Website: www.braypartnership.ie. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305-sum.pdf (155 KB). See also the main document, Internet publication URL:www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305.pdf (357 KB)
Nkeli, Jerry.  1998.  Human Rights Commissioner reflects on achievements obtained by people with disabilities.
In South Africa we have disabled people in leadership-roles and have achieved a lot but we have many problems to face in the field of human rights such as issues dealing with racial intolerance and a diversity of various issues that deal with colonialism. Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823f.html
Nkeli, Jerry.  1998.  How to overcome double discrimination of disabled people in South Africa.
South African Human Rights Commissioner, Jerry Nkeli, outlines the country's history from the point of view of the Disability Rights Movement. Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Arranged by Handikappombudsmannen in cooperation with Independent Living Sverige, Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr5.html
Nikolov, Mitko.  2023.  The history of the adoption of the Personal Assistance Law in Bulgaria and its subsequent controversial effect - 2009-2023.
Newman, Gertrude.  1992.  Promotion of access legislation in Ghana.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare13.html  
Nee, Pauline.  1991.  Anti-discrimination legislation as a basis for barrier-free design: How could the Americans with Disabilities Act be adapted for the U.K.?
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest20.html  
National Council on Disability (NCD).  1999.  Ny rapport från NCD om förbättringar i tillämpningen av rättigheter för flygresenärer med funktionsnedsättgning.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd1999sv.html
National Council on Disability (NCD).  1999.  NCD Releases Report on Improving the Enforcement of Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  1998.  Effects of the Economic Downturn in Japan.
The Japanese Government has been trying to promote decentralization for the last 6-7 years. Disabled persons are afraid that some services will be cut due to scarce local resources. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/JapanEcon.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  2002.  Development and Self-Help Movement of Women with Disabilities.
This article focuses on development assistance models and philosophies for women with disabilities who struggle to achieve independence in Asia, first from the viewpoint of a development program organizer and then from the viewpoint of a witness of empowered self-help movements. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nakanishi.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  1999.  IL-rörelsen breder ut sig i Asien.
Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299sv.html (In Swedish.)
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  1999.  Independent Living movement spreads in Asia.
Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299.html
Nadash, Pamela.  1998.  Independent Choices: Enhancing Consumer Direction for People with Disabilities.
Allowing consumers to manage and direct the long-term services they need acknowledges that they are the best judges of their own needs and the best decision-makers on how these needs get met - an acknowledgment seldom made. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3983.html
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Montero, Federico.  1998.  Legislation on Disability: The Costa Rican Experience.
Despite the country's relative good respect for human rights and our democratic system, disabled people still do not enjoy equal rights and participation in all aspects of society. Among the factors that prevent disabled people from full citizenship are negative attitudes against disability. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr12.html
Montero, Federico.  1998.  Human Rights and Organisations of Disabled Persons in Costa Rica.
Despite positive changes in Costa Rica's social policies, disabled people still are denied certain rights to participate in all aspects of society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823e.html
Mohit, Anuradha, Rungta S K.  2000.  Preliminary ideas and procedures for ensuring systematic international collection of information.
In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." Pre-paper 7. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/mohit00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc
Mladenov, Teodor.  2023.  Personal Assistance - What should personal assistance look like?
Mladenov, Teodor, Elder-Woodward Jim, Siilsalu Mari, Cojocariu Ines Bulic, Hadad Nadia, Angelova-Mladenova Lilia.  2022.  Comparison between personal assistance and home care work.
Ministry of Social Affairs, Sweden.  1993.  Gesetz zum Assistenzbudget.
("Assistansersättning" - "Compensation for Assistance.") Ursprünglicher Gesetzestext von 1993, der einen bestimmten Personenkreis zu Geldleistungen für persönliche Assistenz von der schwedischen Sozialversicherung berechtigt.Das Gesetz wurde seit seinem Inkrafttreten am 1.1. 1994 mehrmals abeändert, was Einschränkungen aber auch vereinzelte Verbesserungen für Assistenznehmer mit sich führte. (Für die Qualität der Ü bersetzung ist das schwedische Sozialministerium und nicht das Independent Living Institute verantwortlich.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/schweden199311.html (In German.)
Milner, Joanne, Urquhart Dennis, Cox David.  1991.  Universal design and designer awareness: The constraints of architectural education.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest19.html  
Miles-Paul, Ottmar, Frehse Uwe.  1991.  Creating a political alliance for anti-discrimination legislation in Germany.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest18.html  
Miles, M.  2001.  Models of Rehabilitation and Evidence of Their Effectiveness: Production & Movements of Disability Knowledge, Skill & Design Within the Cultures and Concepts of Southern Africa.
Starting with a disabled person in Mozambique in the 1590s, and a projection of future disability services when knowledge and skills are widely disseminated and rehabilitation professionals are no longer needed, this paper looks more closely at the knowledge and skills available among disabled people and their families and communities in Southern Africa. These factors need to be pooled, refined and tested so that services become rooted in African cultures and respond more appropriately to people's self-perceived needs. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.pdf
Miles, M.  2011.  Blind and Sighted Pioneer Teachers in 19th Century China and India (revised edition).
This article introduces blind and sighted men and women who developed education and employment for blind people in China and in India from the 1830s onward, and whose pioneering efforts have disappeared from later accounts of blind people's history. This revised and much extended online version is published in April 2011: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles201104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles201104.pdf
PDF icon miles201104Pioneer-Teach-Blind_v2.pdf (436.77 KB)
Miles, M.  2007.  Disability and Deafness in East Asia: Social and Educational Responses, from Antiquity to Recent Times. A bibliography of European-language materials with introduction and some annotation. Revised Version 4.0, August 2007.
The bibliography introduces and lists 900 articles, chapters and books connected with social and educational responses to disability, deafness and mental disorders in China, Korea and Japan, from antiquity to 2007, some with annotation. (This work revises and greatly extends an earlier bibliography on the former History of Education website at the Catholic University of Nijmegen). Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.pdf
Miles, M.  2003.  Segregated We Stand? The Mutilated Greeks' Debate at Persepolis, 330 BC
Probably the world's earliest recorded policy debate among a large group ofdisabled people. Also the first time a ruler changed his mind in response towhat they actually asked for. First published in Disability & Society 18 (7):865-79. Reproduced with permission of Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis,and with some revision. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2003.html
Miles, M.  2007.  Parents of Deaf Afghan Children -- On The Air.
In these short scripts from a radio series, Afghan parents and a counsellor discuss issues of raising their deaf child in a rural area of Afghanistan, and several ways in which they can assist her in learning to communicate. An explanatory note follows, on the origin and purpose of the radio series. [Earlier versions of these scripts were circulated in 1984, 1986 and 1988, from the Mental Health Centre Peshawar, Pakistan.] Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200705.html
Miles, M.  1994.  What is Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)?
This paper tells why CBR is needed, and why there are many different views about what CBR is and how it should be done. It was written for the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap (now "Inclusion International"). It uses language that is easy to read. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm1994.html
Miles, M.  2008.  Glimpses of Disability in the Literature and Cultures of East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East & Africa. A modern and historical bibliography, with some annotation.
This annotated bibliography lists a selection of 130 novels, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, materials from philosophy, anthropology and folklore, and literary criticism, in which disability, deafness or mental disorders play some significant part, from East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa, available mostly in English or French. Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.pdf
Miles, M.  2002.  Community and Individual Responses to Disablement in South Asian Histories: Old Traditions, New Myths?
Documented histories of South Asian societies provide evidence that disabled people played various roles in their families and communities, sometimes with a good deal of independence. The commonest responses have been top-down, charitable or restrictive; yet some evidence challenges the stereotypes and suggests that disablement historically evoked a wider range of responses and initiative. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/miles2002a.html
Miles, M.  1987.  Vocational Rehabilitation: Barefoot Realities in North West Pakistan.
A project was developed at Peshawar, Pakistan, for learning the components and processes of making cheap, basic items of everyday life and offering these to disabled young people as small-scale crafts to practise at home and to sell locally. The crafts are economically marginal, with earnings insufficient for self-support, yet they can make a financial contribution to the family budget. This changes the disabled person's role and can lift self-esteem and initiate improved attitudes, while remaining within local capacities and ecology. An earlier version of this paper appeared in the African Rehabilitation Journal (1987) Vol. 2 (10) 13-14. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1987a.html
Miles, M.  2005.  Martin Luther and Childhood Disability in 16th Century Germany: What did he write? What did he say?
Revised and extended version of a paper that was first published with copyright by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghampton, NY 13904-1580, in the Journal of Religion, Disability & Health (2001), vol. 5 (4) pp. 5-36, and is here reproduced with permission. Martin Luther’s ideas and theological writings on deaf or disabled children and adults, and his personal and practical experiences in this field are shown. Textual evidence gives a different picture from what is commonly believed, and is interesting both for Luther’s own times and the modern world. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html
Miles, M, Hossain Farhad.  1999.  Rights and Disabilities in Educational Provisions in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Roots, Rhetoric, Reality.
Educational opportunities for children with disabilities in Pakistan and Bangladesh are seen in the context of the countries' religious, cultural and economic development. The relevance of Western concepts such as "human rights", "inclusion" and "empowerment" is critically examined. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles3.html
Miles, M.  1997.  Home Visiting with Mama Kitenge, Community Based Rehabilitation Fieldworker, Tanzania.
A morning in the poorer parts of Dar es Salaam is described, during which Mama Kitenge visits families with children having mental and other disabilities and works with these childen and their caregivers. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1997a.html
Miles, M.  2009.  DEAF PEOPLE, SIGN LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION, IN OTTOMAN & MODERN TURKEY: Observations and Excerpts from 1300 to 2009. From sources in English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin and Turkish, with introduction and some annotation.
Internet publication URL: https://www.independentliving.org/miles200907.html
PDF icon miles200907.pdf (494.75 KB)
Miles, M.  2006.  Children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in Africa: can medical, family and community resources improve the life chances?
This much extended and revised article incorporates material from: M. Miles (2002) Children with hydrocephalus and spina bifida in East Africa: can family and community resources improve the odds? Disability & Society 17: 643-658, Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis. (The latter material is republished with permission.) The revised article concerns social responses to children with hydrocephalus and spina bifida in African countries, and the historical development of ways in which various resources have been used to improve their life chances, and overcome the disabling effects of these conditions. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200609.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200609.pdf (239 KB).
PDF icon miles200609.pdf (238.41 KB)
Miles, M.  2006.  Social Responses to Disability & Poverty in Economically Weaker Countries. Research, Trends, Critique, and Lessons Usually Not Learnt. Annotated bibliography of modern and historical material.
The author introduces 250 articles and books showing social responses to disability and poverty in two-thirds of the world now and in history, with critical notes. He commends some intelligent approaches in the face of complexity and challenges simplistic slogans and official blah-blah. [An earlier version of the “Modern Materials” section first appeared in DisabilityWorld (Dec.05 - Jan.06), and is reproduced by kind permission, with revision and extension.] Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200603.html
Miles, M.  1982.  Why Asia Rejects Western Disability Advice.
This paper reviews psycho-social and religious factors, professional motivations and political inequalities, that have prevented any widespread adoption of "community-based rehabilitation" by Asian governments. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/miles_m1982why_asia_rejects_western_disability_advice

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